PRODUCER GAS

Producer gas

is a type of fuel gas made by passing air or a mixture of

air and steam through hot solid fuel, such as coal or coke Or It is used in industries as an alternative

source of energy

FUEL COMPOSITION

Typically consists of a mixture of combustible and non-combustible gases formed by the partial combustion of carbonaceous materials such as coal, wood, or biomass with a controlled amount of air.

Carbon monoxide (CO): 18–22%

Hydrogen(H₂):15–20%

Methane(CH₄):2–5%

Carbon dioxide (CO₂): 8–10%

Nitrogen (N₂): 45–55%

The average composition of fuel composition by

volume

carbon monoxide,hydrogen, and methane

The main combustible components

nitrogen and carbon dioxide

It act as diluents that lower its heating value

4 to 6 MJ per cubic meter

It act as diluents that lower its heating value

Coal

One of the most common sources; when heated with

a limited supply of air

Coal

produces a mixture of Carbon monoxide and nitrogen, forming producer gas.

Coke

A Derivative of coal That is often used in industrial gasifiers because it burns cleanly and consistently to produce a steady supply of producer gas.

Biomass

Includes wood, agricultural residues,

coconut shells, sawdust, rice husks, and other organic

waste materials that can be converted into producer gas

through gasification.

Charcoal

A purified form of carbonized biomass that produces cleaner producer gas with higher heating value and lower tar content

Peat and Lignite

Low-grade fossil fuels that can also be gasified to

generate producer gas, though they produce more impurities compared to other sources.

Updraft gastifier, Downdraft gastifier, Cross-draft gastifier, Fluidized bedgastifier.

Types of Gastifier

GASIFICATION

BASICALLY A THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESS WHICH

CONVERTS BIOMASS MATERIALS INTO GASEOUS

COMPONENTS

RESULT OF GASIFICATION

PRODUCER GAS CONTAINING CARBON

MONOXIDE, HYDROGEN, METHANE AND CARBON

DIOXID

PRODUCTION PROCESS OF PRODUCER GAS

Fuel Preparation (Coal,coke or biomass)

Air(and sometimes steam)Supply

Chemical Reactions

Partial combustion: C+O₂→CO₂

Reduction: C+CO₂→2CO

Reduction: C+H₂O→CO+H₂

Gas Cooling and Cleaning

Final Product

Producer Gas

CO+H₂+N₂+CH₄

APPLICATION

FUEL FOR FURNACES AND KILN

POWER GENERATION

CHEMICAL INDUSRTY

GAS ENGINES

HEATIONG PURPOSES

INTERMEDIATE FOR OTHER FUELS

FUEL FOR FURNACES AND KILNS

*Widely used in metallurgical, glass, and ceramic industries.

*Provides a cheap and continuous heat source for mel

ting and heating

processes.

POWER GENERATION

Can be used in internal combustion engines to drive generators and produce electricity.

Useful in areas where solid fuel is abundant but liquid fuel is scarce.

CHEMICAL INDUSTRY

*Acts as a reducing agent in chemical processes.

*Used in synthesis of chemicals like methanol or ammonia (after cleaning

and enrichment).

GAS ENGINES

*Can directly fuel gas engines for mechanical power

in small-scale industries or rural applications.

HEATING PURPOSES

*Used in boilers for producing steam.

*Useful in textile and paper industries for drying

and heating.

INTERMEDIATE FOR OTHER FUELS

*Can be enriched with water gas or other gases to form

a higher calorific value fuel gas.