Biology 189A - Chapter 2 Pre-Lecture

Match the arrow from the figure with its correct label of the atom.

1. Electron - Negative Charge

2. Nucleus - the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons

3. Proton - Positive Charge

4. Neutron - No Charge

Paper, water, computers, and you are all forms of ______ because each of these items takes up space.

Multiple choice question.

organisms

matter

energy

electromagnetic radiation

matter

What is an element?

Multiple choice question.

A negative particle of an atom

The central portion of an atom that contains protons and neutrons

The smallest type of organism

A pure chemical substance that cannot be further broken down

a pure chemical substance that cannot be further broken down

A peptide bond is a type of ______ bond between amino acids.

Multiple choice question.

ionic

covalent

ester

hydrogen

covalent

The sum of the number of protons and the number of _______ equals the mass number of an atom.

neutrons

The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain forms the ______ structure of a protein.

Multiple choice question.

primary

quaternary

tertiary

secondary

primary

When two or more atoms are chemically joined they form a(n)

Multiple choice question.

molecule.

element.

orbital.

shell.

molecule

An electron ______ is an area around the nucleus of an atom where an electron is likely to be found.

Multiple choice question.

trace

biosphere

orbital

isotope

orbital

Match each atom or molecule with its correct description

Sodium atom (Na) <----->

chlorine atom (Cl) <----->

salt (NaCl) <----->

donates an electron when an ionic bond is formed

gains an electron when an ionic bond is formed

crystal that results from the attraction of oppositely charged ions

What type of bond involves two atoms sharing electrons that travel around both nuclei?

Multiple choice question.

Covalent

Hydrogen

van der Waals

Ionic

Covalent

What type of bond forms between opposite partial charges on adjacent molecules or within a large molecule?

Multiple choice question.

Covalent

Hydrogen

Ionic

Atomic

Hydrogen

Which of the following substances regulates temperature, dissolves many chemicals, and has cohesive and adhesive properties?

Multiple choice question.

Carbon dioxide

Water

Oxygen

Hydrogen

Water

The property of water that produces water's surface tension is called ______, which is the tendency of water molecules to stick together.

Multiple choice question.

solvency

thermoregulation

cohesion

adhesion

cohesion

What is a pure chemical substance that cannot be broken down by chemical means into other substances?

Multiple choice question.

Work

Energy

Matter

Element

Element

What type of bond is formed from the attraction of two ions with opposite charges?

Multiple choice question.

Hydrogen

Ionic

Atomic

Covalent

Ionic

A(n) ________ bond forms between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge on one molecule and another atom, such as oxygen, with a partial negative charge on an adjacent molecule.

Hydrogen bond

What property of water causes water droplets and surface tension to form due to the tendency of water molecules to stick together?

Multiple choice question.

Electronegativity

Adhesion

Cohesion

Density

Cohesion

Water is the ______ in aqueous solutions because it can dissolve polar molecules.

Multiple choice question.

hydrophobic component

solvent

solute

nonpolar component

solvent

Living organisms require a large temperature stimulus before the body temperature changes because the ______ bonds of water counteract molecular movement.

Multiple choice question.

phosphodiester

hydrogen

peptide

ionic

hydrogen

Water expands as it freezes because the hydrogen bonds in ice

Multiple choice question.

are doubled between adjacent oxygen atoms.

constantly form and re-form.

are broken.

are stable and "lock" molecules into a more widely-space array.

are stable and "lock" molecules into a more widely-space array.

True or false: Atoms are created and destroyed in chemical reactions.

False

A special type of covalent bond called a(n) ________ bond joins two amino acids to each other through dehydration synthesis.

Peptide bond

A hydrogen ion (H+) has only one subatomic particle, a(n) ______.

Multiple choice question.

neutron

electron

proton

orbital

protons

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) are acids because they release positively charged ______ ions into the solution.

Multiple choice question.

hydroxide

hydrogen

sodium

chloride

hydrogen

Organic molecules are defined as chemical compounds that contain both ______ and hydrogen.

Multiple choice question.

carbon

helium

sodium

calcium

carbon

A single unit (subunit) of an organic molecule is called a ______.

Multiple choice question.

monomer

solution

solute

solvent

monomers

What is an organic molecule with carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 proportion?

Multiple choice question.

lipid

nucleic acid

carbohydrate

protein

carbohydrate

The smallest carbohydrates are called ______ and consist of a single monomer.

Multiple choice question.

oligosaccharides

complex carbohydrates

monosaccharides

polysaccharides

monosaccharides

In ______, two or more molecules swap their atoms to form different molecules, and some bonds break while other new bonds form.

Multiple choice question.

radioactive decay

electronegativity

hydrogen bonding

a chemical reaction

a chemical reaction

Select all of the following that are true about proteins.

Multiple select question.

may contain one or more polypeptide chains

made up of monomers called amino acids

consist of monomers called nucleotides

perform a vast variety of functions for the cell

several linked together form a polysaccharide

may contain one or more polypeptide chains

made up of monomers called amino acids

perform a vast variety of functions for the cell

What type of monomer is shown in the picture?

Multiple choice question.

Amino acid

Nucleotide

Glycerol

Monosaccharide

Amino Acid

Once a polypeptide or multiple polypeptides are folded into a functional shape, they are referred to as a(n)

Multiple choice question.

dipeptide.

protein.

carbohydrate.

amino acid.

Protein

______ are one of the four most abundant types of organic molecules in organisms and consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen often in a proportion of 1:2:1. These organic molecules include monosaccharides and polysaccharides.

Multiple choice question.

Steroids

Fats

Triglycerides

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

What type of organic molecule is made up of monomers called amino acids?

Multiple choice question.

Carbohydrates

Proteins

Lipids

Nucleic acids

proteins

One hundred or more amino acids linked through dehydration synthesis produce a molecule called a ______.

Multiple choice question.

lipid

nucleic acid

carbohydrate

polypeptide

polypeptide

What structure of protein folding is shown in the picture?

Multiple choice question.

Quaternary

Primary

Tertiary

Secondary

secondary

In ______, two or more molecules swap their atoms to form different molecules, and some bonds break while other new bonds form.

Multiple choice question.

electronegativity

hydrogen bonding

a chemical reaction

radioactive decay

chemical bonding

The ______ structure of a polypeptide is its overall shape and is formed through the interaction between R groups and water.

Multiple choice question.

secondary

primary

tertiary

denatured

Tertiary

What type of polymer is made up of many nucleotide monomers?

Multiple choice question.

Carbohydrate

Lipid

Protein

Nucleic acid

Nucleic Acid

______ are organic molecules characterized by large areas that contain many nonpolar carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds, making them hydrophobic.

Multiple choice question.

Lipids

Alcohols

Amino acids

Proteins

lipids

Phospholipids that form cell membranes, steroids that act as hormones, waxes that prevent water loss or water saturation, and triglycerides (fats) that act as energy reserves are all types of organic molecules called ____________ .

lipids

What molecule is formed by dehydration synthesis reactions that link three fatty acids to a glycerol molecule?

Multiple choice question.

triglyceride

steroid

carbohydrate

deoxyribonucleic acid

triglyceride

The ______ structure of proteins involves the folding of the polypeptide chain into beta-sheets and alpha-helix coils due to hydrogen bonding.

Multiple choice question.

primary

tertiary

secondary

quaternary

secondary

What level of protein structure makes up the overall shape of a polypeptide, arises primarily through interactions between R groups and water, and consists of one polypeptide chain?

Multiple choice question.

Primary

Tertiary

Subsidiary

Secondary

Tertiary

Nucleotides are the monomers of polymers called ______ acids, including DNA and RNA.

Multiple choice question.

carboxylic

hydrochloric

nucleic

amino

nucleic

Select all of the following that are components of lipids called triglycerides.

Multiple select question.

phosphate group

fatty acids

amine group

glycerol

fatty acids

glycerol

Triglycerides such as bacon fat and butter contain ______ fatty acids, in which single bonds connect all the carbons; however, triglycerides such as olive oil and vegetable oil contain ______ fatty acids, in which there is at least one double bond between carbon atoms.

Multiple choice question.

unsaturated; saturated

hydrophobic; hydrophilic

saturated; unsaturated

hydrophilic; hydrophobic

saturated; unsaturated

Why is the fatty acid in the image called unsaturated?

Multiple choice question.

All of the carbon atoms are bonded to at least two hydrogens.

It contains the maximum number of hydrogens.

It is part of a solid fat.

It contains at least one double bond between carbon atoms.

It contains at least one double bond between carbon atoms.

The ______ structure of a polypeptide is its overall shape and is formed through the interaction between R groups and water.

Multiple choice question.

tertiary

primary

secondary

denatured

tertiary

Rank the following in order from smallest mass (at the top) to largest mass (at the bottom).

1. electron

2. proton

3. atom

What level of protein structure is shown in the picture?

Amino acid sequence of polypeptide connected with 6 R groups

Multiple choice question.

Secondary

Primary

Quaternary

Tertiary

Primary

______, a group of lipids, are more commonly known as fats and are composed of fatty acids bonded to a glycerol.

Multiple choice question.

Triglycerides

Waxes

Carbohydrates

Steroids

Triglycerides

What type of triglyceride, or fat, contains fatty acids with at least one double bond between the carbons, causing kinks in the fatty acids?

Multiple choice question.

Secondary

Saturated

Unsaturated

Primary

unsaturated

The ______ structure of proteins involves the folding of the polypeptide chain into beta-sheets and alpha-helix coils due to hydrogen bonding.

Multiple choice question.

primary

quaternary

tertiary

secondary

secondary

The total number of protons and neutrons for an atom equals the ______.

Multiple choice question.

valence weight

half-life

atomic number

mass number

mass number

Molecules consist of two or more chemically linked ________ , which are the smallest "pieces" or units of elements.

atoms

In an atom, each individual electron orbital (not energy level) may contain up to ________ electrons.

2

Select all of the reasons why water is essential to life.

Multiple select question.

It plays a role in many chemical reactions.

Its solid form is more dense than its liquid form.

It dissolves a wide variety of substances.

It regulates temperature.

It plays a role in many chemical reactions.

It dissolves a wide variety of substances.

It regulates temperature.

Ice cubes float in a glass of water because ice is less ______ than liquid water.

dense

In liquid water, some water molecules break down into one hydroxide ion (OH-) and one hydrogen ion, which is represented as

Multiple choice question.

H2+.

H+.

OH+.

H-.

H+.

What type of chemical adds H+ to a solution?

Multiple choice question.

acid

alkaline

base

neutral

acid

What type of molecules are found in living things and contain both carbon and hydrogen?

Multiple choice question.

organic

neutral

inorganic

alkaline

organic

Polymers, such as carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids, consist of small subunits called ________ linked together to form long chains.

monomers

The monomers of polypeptides and proteins are called ______ acids and have a central carbon bonded to a hydrogen, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and an R group.

amino acids

What group of organic molecules does not dissolve in water and does not consist of long chains of monomers?

Multiple choice question.

carbohydrates

proteins

nucleic acids

lipids

lipids

Select all of the following that are types of lipids.

Multiple select question.

phospholipids

starches

triglycerides

steroids

amino acids

phospholipids

triglycerides

steroids

Animal fats are ______ at room temperature and are called ______, while plant-derived lipids are ______ at room temperature and are called unsaturated fats.

Multiple choice question.

solid; saturated fats; liquid

solid; oils; liquid

liquid; oils; solid

liquid; saturated fats; solid

solid; saturated fats; liquid