Adolescent

Adolescence is defined as the developmental stage between the ages of _____ and _______.

12-20

During physical development in adolescence, major organs double in size, except for __________________________________, which decreases in mass.

__lymphoid tissue_

Girls usually stop growing about____________ after starting menstruation.

2 years

The________________________ is stimulated at puberty to produce androgen steroids, which are responsible for secondary sex characteristics.

pituitary gland

In females, the first physical sign of pubertal maturation is the appearance of ___________ ________________.

breast buds

Most boys achieve active spermatogenesis at ages _____________ to ___________.

12-15

According to Piaget's stages of cognitive development, adolescents are in the ____________ ________________________________________________.

Formal operational thought

A significant concern for adolescents is _________, which can have lasting negative effects on _______________ and willingness to develop friendships.

acne; self esteem

An emancipated minor is an adolescent less than _____ years of age who is no longer under ____________________________________________ and can make and give consent for medical treatment.

18: parents authority

According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, adolescence is characterized by the stage of __________________________________

Identity vs. role confusion

During early adolescence, conformity to _______________________ standards is of utmost importance.

peer group_

Kohlberg's theory of moral development states that adolescents are typically in the ________________________________, where morality may be dependent on the situation.

conventional_

In Sigmund Freud's psychosexual development theory, adolescence aligns with the _________ stage, where libido re-emerges and is directed towards peers

genitalia

The CDC recommends a yearly seasonal influenza vaccine for clients aged ______ to _______

13-18

________________________________ are the leading cause of death among teens.

motor vehicle crashes

Idiopathic scoliosis is a spinal deformity characterized by ___________________________ and ______________________________, causing rib asymmetry.

_lateral curvature and spinal rotation

Mononucleosis is also known as the "_________________________" and is caused by the ____________________________________________.

"kissing disease", _Epstein Barr Virus_

_________________________ is a malignancy of the lymph system, primarily lymph nodes.

Hodgkin's disease

A concussion is a closed brain injury causing ____________________, ______________, ________________________ dysfunction caused by mechanical force to the brain.

transient, temporary, neurogenic

The Ewing's Sarcoma is the __________________ most common bone tumor in children and adolescents, primarily affecting young, white _________________ younger than age ____.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

second, males, 20

Explain two reasons why dental health is particularly important during adolescence and what practices are recommended.

secondary teeth are all present, making proper care crucial for lifelong dental health. Additionally, corrective appliances are common, requiring extra attention to hygiene. Recommended practices include brushing after meals, snacks, and at bedtime (minimum twice per day), flossing daily, having regular checkups/professional cleanings twice a year, and getting regular fluoride treatments if necessary.

Describe what happens psychologically during middle adolescence according to Erik Erikson's theory.

Become more self-assured, independent decision-making skills are tested, activities outside the home are a priority, and they define self by whatever peer group has determined to be important (what clothes to wear, taste in music etc).

List three examples of age-appropriate activities that adolescents might engage in for play.

Non-violent video games, sports, reading.

When interviewing an adolescent, what are two key principles a healthcare provider should prioritize to encourage open communication?

Prioritizing privacy and confidentiality.

Explain why the nutritional needs of adolescents are greater than at any other time in a person's life, and name three specific nutrients that can be inadequate in their intake.

Caloric needs depend on activity level. Intake of vitamin A, iron, calcium, and can be inadequate.

What are the key elements of the log-rolling technique used in the postoperative care of an adolescent who has undergone spinal fusion with rod placement?

Lay pt flat, have another nurse with you to grab at shoulders and hips, roll pt as a unit (still and smooth as possible)

Describe two expected findings in a male adolescent with Chlamydia.

Small amounts of clear or cloudy penile discharge and painful/frequent urination.

What are three undesirable effects associated with marijuana use according to the sources?

Problems with learning and memory, impaired coordination, and respiratory problems.

Identify two distinct characteristics or findings that differentiate the withdrawal symptoms of opiates from those of central nervous system stimulants.

Yawning, insomnia and panic.

List four risk factors for depression and suicide in adolescents.

Chronic drug or alcohol abuse, a history of physical or sexual abuse, recent failure or disappointment, and preoccupation with death.

Which of the following is NOT typically a major change in physical development during adolescence?

Girls maturing approximately 2 years later than boys

Which of the following defines formal operational thought in adolescents, according to Piaget?

Being imaginative and idealistic

A common reason for adolescents to get piercings and tattoos is to:

Express individuality

Which of the following is true regarding tobacco use among teens?

Nearly 16% of high school seniors have tried e-cigarettes

In late adolescence, a person's relationship with the opposite sex is typically:

Beginning to be established

According to Kohlberg's theory, during the postconventional phase of moral development, adolescents:

Allow peer pressure to override their own moral reasoning

Which immunization is recommended for adolescents aged 16 to 18 if their first dose was received between 13 and 15 years?

MCV4 booster

A hospitalized adolescent is most likely to experience which of the following due to their condition?

Feelings of isolation from peers

When discussing firearms safety with an adolescent, a major concern is their belief that:

They are invincible and no harm will happen to them

Which of the following signs might indicate a change in mood that warrants monitoring for potential self-harm in an adolescent?

Expression of thoughts of suicide

What is the most common spinal deformity in adolescents?

Idiopathic Scoliosis

Which of the following is a common complication of mononucleosis?

Splenic rupture

A patient undergoing radiation therapy for Hodgkin's Disease should be educated to:

Protect skin from sunlight with SPF 30 or higher sunscreen

Guillain-Barre is characterized by paralysis that progresses in which pattern?

Ascending

What type of fracture is described as a compression of the porous bone, causing a raised area or bulge at the fracture site?

Buckle

Osgood-Schlatter is an overuse injury of the knee in growing adolescents where the patellar tendon becomes inflamed at the:

Tibial tuberosity

Anorexia nervosa is characterized by an extreme fear of gaining weight and:

An altered perception of one's own body weight

Which of the following is a nursing intervention for an adolescent with bulimia?

Monitor the client 30 to 60 minutes after a meal

Dysmenorrhea pain typically begins:

Just before the period and subsides after a few days

The most common sexually transmitted disease mentioned in the sources is:

Chlamydia

.In women, symptoms of Gonorrhea can often be:

Mild and nonspecific

Which stage of Syphilis is considered dormant and not infectious, but can be deadly?

Stage 3: Tertiary

If active genital herpes lesions are present during the last two weeks before delivery, what is indicated for childbirth?

Cesarean birth

Accutane, a medication for acne vulgaris, has significant side effects including:

Potential to cause birth defects in pregnant teens

What is the third leading cause of death among 15-24 year olds?

Depression & Suicide

Which type of substance abuse is described as the number one abused substance?

Alcohol

Marijuana is believed by adolescents to be:

Not harmful

Which of the following is an expected finding of opiate use?

Constricted pupils

Which of the following is a Central Nervous System (CNS) depressant listed in the sources?

Xanax

What is a common withdrawal symptom for both alcohol and CNS depressants?

Tonic-clonic seizures

When providing nursing interventions for substance abuse, it is important to monitor for:

Suicidal thoughts and behaviors

Which of the following is true regarding adolescence?

Boys attain greater strength and muscle mass than girls.

Which of these is a key aspect of cognitive development during formal operational thought?

Understanding how actions can influence others

.Which of the following are characteristics of adolescent physical development? (Select all that apply)

Major organs double in size.

Girls mature and grow 2 years earlier than boys.

Secondary teeth are all present during early adolescent years.

An adolescent demonstrating formal operational thought, according to Piaget, would exhibit which of the following? (Select all that apply)

Ability to think of more than two categories of variables at the same time.

Imaginative and idealistic thought processes.

Understanding how actions can influence others.

What are common concerns that adolescents may need help coping with? (Select all that apply)

Acne

Piercings and tattoos

What are appropriate elements of dental health for adolescents? (Select all that apply)

Brushing after meals, snacks, and at bedtime.

Flossing daily.

Regular checkups and professional cleanings twice a year.

Regular fluoride treatments if necessary.

Which of the following are indications that an adolescent might be experiencing changes in mood that require monitoring for suicidal thoughts?

Social isolation

Disturbances in appetite or sleep

Expression of thoughts of suicide

Giving away prized possessions

Expected findings of Idiopathic Scoliosis include which of the following? (Select all that apply)

Ill-fitting clothes.

Head and hips not aligned (uncompensated).

One leg shorter than the other

What are key nursing interventions for an adolescent hospitalized with Mononucleosis? (Select all that apply)

Monitoring airway status.

Encouraging saltwater gargles.

Reinforcing the importance of rest.

Allowing heavy lifting if splenomegaly occurs.

Which of the following are potential complications of untreated Gonorrhea? (Select all that apply)

Infertility in women

Disseminated gonococcal infections

Conjunctival infections

.Expected findings in a client experiencing Central Nervous System (CNS) stimulant use include: (Select all that apply)

Tachycardia

Elevated blood pressure

Impaired judgment

Nursing interventions for substance abuse include which of the following? (Select all that apply)

Monitoring for dehydration.

Providing for client safety.

Exploring client's interest in participating in a 12-step program.

True or False: In early adolescence, friends typically become more important than family, and peer groups usually consist of mixed-sex friends.

false

True or False: Body image established during adolescence is often retained throughout life.

true

True or False: "Catch-up" sleep is highly effective in replenishing sleep stores for adolescents.

false

True or False: Applying sunscreen when outside and avoiding tanning beds are recommended safety measures for adolescents to prevent burns.

true

True or False: Radiography using the Cobb technique determines skeletal maturity in scoliosis diagnosis.

false

True or False: Guillain-Barre is often linked to an autoimmune response following an infectious organism.

true

True or False: Bulimia is characterized by an extreme fear of gaining weight and altered perception of one's own body weight.

false

True or False: The incidence of STIs is lower in teenagers compared to other sexually active age groups.

false

True or False: Males are three times more successful at completing suicide than females.

true

True or False: Nicotine triggers the release of dopamine and adrenaline, leading to undesirable effects such as heart disease and lung cancer.

true

The clinic nurse is reviewing self-care management of acne vulgaris with an adolescent client. Which client statement indicates a need for further instruction?

"I have been scrubbing my face twice daily with antibacterial soap."

A 17 year old with moderate cognitive impairment is admitted for knee surgery. During the preoperative period, what is the priority nursing action?

Interview the client and caregivers about the client's usual daily routine at home

Which of the following nursing diagnoses is most accurate for someone with anorexia nervosa?

Altered body image