Chapter 8: Radioactivity

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15 Terms

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Radioactivity

The spontaneous decay of an unstable nucleus accompanied by the emission of radiation

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types of radiation

alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays

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<p>alpha particles</p>

alpha particles

two protons and two neutrons

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<p>beta particles</p>

beta particles

fast moving electrons

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gamma rays

electromagnetic radiation

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instrument used to detect radioactive radiation and the half-life of an element

Geiger-Muller tube

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alpha particles are stopped by...

a sheet of paper

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beta particles are stopped by...

5mm of aluminium

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gamma rays are stopped by...

a thick slab of lead

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half-life

the time taken for half of the nuclei in any given sample to decay

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isotope

atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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radioisotope

a radioactive isotope

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radioisotope example

radiocarbon dating

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nuclear reaction

involves a change in the atomic number to form a new element

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chemical reaction

the process by which chemicals interact to form new chemicals with different compositions