Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease and Nausea

These flashcards cover key concepts related to drugs used for peptic ulcer disease and nausea, including drug classes, mechanisms of action, side effects, contraindications, and other essential information.

What are the main drug classes used to treat peptic ulcers?

1. Histamine H2 Antagonists 2. Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPI) 3. Mucosal Protectants 4. Antacids 5. Prostaglandin E Analog.

What is the mechanism of action of Histamine H2 Antagonists?

Blocks histamine receptors which produce stomach acid.

What are common side effects of Histamine H2 Antagonists?

Impotence, confusion, increased serum levels of warfarin and phenytoin.

When should Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) be taken?

Once a day, before the first meal.

What can long-term use of Proton Pump Inhibitors lead to?

Bone loss due to decreased calcium absorption.

How does sucralfate (Carafate) work?

Creates a gel that coats ulcers and is a barrier between stomach acid and mucosa.

What is a key point regarding the administration of antacids?

Do not give within 1 to 2 hours of many other drugs.

What is the main use of misoprostol (Cytotec)?

Prevention of ulcers in patients using NSAIDs long-term.

Which antibiotics are commonly used to treat Helicobacter pylori?

Clarithromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, and tetracycline.

What is the mechanism of action of serotonin antagonists like ondansetron (Zofran)?

Blocks serotonin receptors in the brain and vagal nerves.

What are potential side effects of ondansetron?

Headache, dizziness, constipation, and risk of torsade de pointes.

What should be monitored when administering metoclopramide (Reglan)?

Sedation and extrapyramidal reactions.

What are contraindications for using metoclopramide?

GI obstruction, uncontrolled seizure disorder, breast cancer, heart failure, asthma.