Milady Chapter 5 Overview

Clean

A mechanical process (scrubbing) using soap and water or detergent and water to remove all visible dirt, debris and many disease-causing germs.

Sanitizing

A chemical process for reducing the number of disease-causing germs on cleaned surfaces to a safe level.

Disinfection

A chemical process that uses specific products to destroy harmful organisms on environmental surfaces.

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Administration - regulates and enforces safety and health standards to protect employees in the workplace.

MSDS or SDS

Material Safety Data Sheet/Safety Data Sheet - required by law to be present on all chemical products.

Listed on the MSDS/SDS

Identification

Hazard Identification

Composition/Ingredients

First-aid

Fire-fighting measures

Accidental release measures

Handling and Storage

Exposure controls/Personal Protection

Physical and Chemical Properties

Stability and reactivity

Toxicology Information

Ecological Information

Disposal Consideration

Transport Information

Regulatory Information

Revision Date

EPA

Environmental Protection Agency - registers all types of disinfectants sold and used in the United States

Disinfectants

chemical products that destroy most bacteria (excluding spores), fungi, and viruses on surfaces.

Hospital Disinfectants

Designated by the EPA as being effective enough to be used in a hospital setting

Nonporous

Made/constructed of material that has no pores or openings and cannot absorb liquid

Disease

Abnormal condition of all or part of the body, or its systems or organs, which makes the body incapable of carrying on normal functions

Tuberculocidal Disinfectants

Proven to kill the bacteria that causes tuberculosis in addition to the pathogens destroyed through the use of hospital disinfectants.

Tuberulosis

a disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing or sneezing and is not transmitted on surfaces

Laws

written by both federal and state legislatures that determine the scope of practice and that establish guidelines for regulatory agencies to make rules

Rules/Regulations

more specific than laws and are written by the regulatory agency or the state board. They determine how the law must be applied

Infection

the invasion of body tissues by disease-causing pathogens

Infection Control

the methods used to eliminate or reduce the transmission of infectious organisms

Four types of Microorganisms

Bacteria

Viruses

Fungi

Parasites

Infectious Disease

caused by harmful organisms that enter the body

Bacteria

one-celled microorganisms that have both plant and animal characteristics

Microorganism

any organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size

Non pathogenic

Harmless microorganisms that may perform useful functions

(most bacteria are non pathogenic)

Pathogenic

harmful microorganisms that can cause disease or infection in humans when they invade the body

Cocci

round-shaped bacteria that appear singly (alone) or in groups

Staphylococci

pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like grapes. They cause abscesses, pustules, and boils.

Streptococci

pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads. They cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning

Diplococci

spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia

Bacilli

short, rod-shaped bacteria. They are the most common bacteria and produce diseases such as tetanus, typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria

Spirilla

spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria. They are subdivided into subgroups such as syphilis and Lyme disease

Motility

the term used to describe self-movement

Flagella

hair-like extensions for locomotion

Cilia

hair-like extensions for locomotion (shorter than flagella)

Active Stage

the stage in which bacteria grow and reproduce

Binary Fission

the division of cells into new cells, called daughter cells

Inactive/Spore-forming stage

the stage in which bacteria that is capable of forming a spore to protect itself dos so to withstand an environment incompatible with its existence

Bacterial spore

the ability of certain types of bacteria to form a hard keratin coating that will protect it until the environment is more favorable

Direct Transmission

transmission of blood or body fluids through touching, kissing, coughing, sneezing, and talking

Indirect Transmission

transmission of blood or body fluids through contact with an intermediate contaminated object, such as a razor, extractor, nipper, or an environmental surface

Germs

nonscientific synonym for disease-producing organisms

Toxins

various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms

Virus

a submicroscopic particle that infects and resides in cells of biological organisms

Inflammation

a condition in which the body reacts to injury, irritation, or infection

may be characterized by redness, heat, pain, and swelling

Pus

a fluid containing white blood cells, bacteria, and dead cells, and is the byproduct of the infectious process

MRSA

methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

An infectious staph bacteria that is highly resistant to conventional treatments

occurs frequently among persons with weakened immune systems or among people who had undergone medical procedures

Contagious/Communicable Disease

when a disease can be spread from one person to another

Biofilm

a colony of microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces as well as the human body. They secrete a sticky, protective coating that cements them together and is hard to penetrate

Allergy

reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances

Contamination

the presence, or the reasonably anticipated presence, of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface or visible debris or residues such as dust, hair, and skin

Decontamination

the removal of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item's surface and the removal of visible debris or residue such as dust, hair, and skin

Diagnosis

determination of the nature of a disease from its symptoms and/or diagnostic tests

Exposure Incident

contact with non-intact (broken) skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials that are the result of the performance of an employee's duties

Occupational Disease

Illnesses resulting from conditions associated with employment, such as prolonged and repeated overexposure to certain products or ingredients

Parasitic Disease

disease caused by parasites, such as lice and mites

Systemic Disease

disease that affects the body as a whole, often due to under-functioning or over-functioning internal glands or organs. This disease is carried through the blood stream or the lymphatic system

Bloodborne Pathogens

disease-causing microorganisms that are carried in the body by blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV

Hepatitis

a bloodborne virus that causes disease and can damage the liver

HIV

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)

AIDS

a disease that breaks down the body's immune system

Fungi

single-cell organisms that grow in irregular masses that include molds, mildews, and yeasts

Mildew

another fungus, affects plants or grows on inanimate objects but does not cause human infections in the salon

Folliculitis barbae

an inflammation of hair follicles caused by a bacterial infection often caused by Staphylococcus aureus

Tinea barbae

a superficial fungal infection caused by a variety of dermatophytes that commonly affects the skin

Tinea Capitis

a fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules at the opening of hair follicles

Tinea Pedis

a ringworm fungus of the foot

Parasites

organisms that grow, fee, and shelter on or in another organism while contributing nothing to the survival of that organism

Pediculosis Capitis

head lice

Scabies

a contagious skin disease caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin

Immunity

the ability of the bod to destroy, resist, and recognize infection

Natural immunity

partly inherited and partly developed through healthy living

Acquired Immunity

the body develops this after overcoming a disease, through inoculation, or through exposure to natural allergens

Sterilization

the process that destroys all microbial life

Two steps of infection Control

cleaning and then disinfecting

Three ways to clean tools/implements

washing with soap and warm water, then scrubbing them with a clean and properly disinfected nail brush

using an ultrasonic unit

using a cleaning solvent

Efficacy

the ability to produce an effect

Contact time

the amount of visibly moist time required to be effective against pathogens

Complete immersion

there is enough liquid in the container to cover all surfaces of the item being disinfected, including the handles

QUATS

Quaternary ammonium compounds are disinfectants that are very effective when used properly in the salon

Phenolic Disinfectants

powerful tuberculocidals

a form of formaldehyde

Sodium Hypochlorite

Bleach

an effective disinfectant

Multiuse

reusable

Single-use

disposable

porous

constructed of a material that has pores or openings and cannot be properly cleaned so that all visible residue is removed

chelating soaps

work to break down stubborn films and remove the residue of pedicure products such as scrubs, salts, and masks

Antiseptics

chemical germicides formulated for use on skin and are registered and regulated by the FDA

Standard Precautions

guidelines published by the CDC that require the employer and employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids are potentially infectious

asymptomatic

no symptoms or signs of infection are shown