WEEK 5: PRENATAL EXERCISES TO GENETIC COUNSELING

CREATED BY S.I.

1. prenatal yoga

2. tailor sitting

3. squatting

4. pelvic floor contractions (kegel exercise)

5. abdominal muscle contractions

6. pelvic rocking

different prenatal exercises

prenatal yoga

these classes are aimed at helping a woman relax and manage stress better for all times in her life

yoga exercises

help a woman stay overall fit by their focus on gentle stretching and deep breathing

chair or wall

when doing yoga, women should use __ for stabilization

avoid twisting exercises late in pregnancy

these should be avoided since when joints soften in preparation for labor, muscle/joint strain occurs

tailor-sitting

strengthens perineal muscles and make pelvic joints more pliable

16 minutes

duration for tailor sitting

squatting

stretches the perineal muscles and useful position for fetal delivery

15 minutes

when to do squatting

foot flat and not tip toes

effecting squatting

pelvic floor contractions (kegel exercise)

- improve tone of pubococcygeal pelvic perineal and vaginal muscles

- beneficial in postpartum period to reduce pain and promote perineal healing

how to do kegel exercises

- Make sure bladder is empty.

- Sit and tighten the pelvic floor muscles as if you're holding the urge to void.

- Count 3-5 seconds relaxed, and 3-5 hold.

- Repeat 10x, 3x a day in the morning, afternoon, and at night.

abdominal muscle contractions

Help strengthen abdominal muscles during pregnancy, and help prevent constipation; restore abdominal tone after pregnancy

blowing a candle

common practice for abdominal muscle contractions; deep aspiration and exhales normally

pelvic rocking

- Most important exercise for comfort during pregnancy; it increases flexibility of the lower back, strengthen abdominal muscle, shift centered-gravity back to the uterine spine, and

relieves backache, improve posture and appearance in late pregnancy.

pelvic rocking

● Women arches her back, lengthening spine, and holds position for 1 minute and hollows her back

reduce pain during labor

goal of childbirth education

1. Explanation of the physiology of labor and body's responses.

2. Teach them proper breathing techniques.

3. The use of distraction techniques.

how to do childbirth education

pain

vital part of childbirth classes is to effective manage what

1. grantly dick-read method

2. lamaze philosophy or psychoprophylactic method

3. bradley (partner-coached) method

4. psychosexual method

5. conscious relaxation

6. cleansing breath

7. effleurage

8. focusing or imagery

methods for childbirth education

grantly dick-read

English obstetrician who developed the natural childbirth method.

grantly dick-read method

This method believes in the notion that fear and tension were the cause of labor pains.

lamaze philosophy or psychoprophylactic method

emphasizes on natural birth and offers a variety of relaxation methods to deal with pain

visualization, guided imagery, massage, and coaching

part of lamaze philosophy

lamaze philosophy

Best known for its pattern breathing routine that teaches a women to focus on certain breathing patterns and a concentration point such as a mark on a nearby wall.

block pain messages to brain

lamaze philosophy mechanism

bradley (partner-coached) method

- emphasizes natural child birth w the parents working as a team

- diet and exercise are practiced throughout the pregnancy to prepare the body for the rigors of birth

bradley students

- taught deep abdominal breathing and understanding of labor and delivery process rather than try to block out the pain

- concentrated awareness

psychosexual method

stresses that pregnancy, labor, and birth, and early newborn period are important points in a woman's cycle

sheila kitzinger

created psychosexual method in english during 1950s

psychosexual method

includes a program of conscious relaxation and levels of progressive breathing that encourage a woman to "flow with" rather than struggle against contractions

conscious relaxation

learning to relax body parts so that unknowingly a woman does not remain tense and cause unnecessary muscle straoi

support person

concentrates on noticing symptoms of tension such as wrinkled brow, clenched fist, or a stiffy held arm during conscious relaxation methods

cleansing breath

This is done to all childbirth classes. This is done by a deep and slow breath through your nose and out through your first lip mouth.

effleurage

- abdominal massage done w just enough pressure to avoid tickling

- rate should remain constant even tho breathing rates change

effleurage

serves as a distraction technique and decreases sensory stimuli transmission from the abdominal wall, helping limit local discomfort

focusing or imagery

incorporated in lamaze method

focusing or imagery

It is done by using a special place imagery or picturing yourself in the pleasant place and focusing on the sight , sounds, and smell of the special place

BIRTH SETTING

- The couple are given the freedom to choose their ___

- During prenatal classes they are oriented of the facilities

- hospital setting/hospital birth

- home birth

- lying in center, alternative birthing centers

types of birth setting

hospital setting or hospital birth

- This setting is ideal for all kinds of delivery especially for high risk pregnancies

● There are some hospitals that offer labor, birth, and post partum care that can be done in one single room. This could provide more ease and comfort to the woman.

● Skilled professionals attend to the woman during birth and emergency, care is readily available if the situation warrants it

● However, the family and woman might be separated for one night during delivery. Mother may sometimes feel that she is not in full control of her experience

● Mother will deliver on the same bed

radiant warmer

machine wherein newborn care is done after delivery

home birth

- Women opt to have home birth with the desire to give work without medical interventions

- A desire to give birth in a comfortable, familiar place surrounded by family. A desire for freedom and control in the birthing process

● Cultural or religious concerns

● A lack of access to transportation and home birth is given in a lower cost

low risk pregnancies

home birth are recommended for what type of pregnancy

lying in center, alternative birthing centers

are wellness oriented childbirth facilities that encourage birth outside the hospital setting while still being able to provide medical resources appropriate for any emergency that may arise but expensive emergencies that needs surgery is not offered in the lying in centers

ABCs/ airway, breathing circulation

nurse midwife attend to the birth AT WHAT needs of the mother and the fetus?

4-24 hours

Women remain at the healthcare or the lying in center ___ hours after birth because the woman can recover quickly because of the minimum analgesia used.

leboyer method, waterbirth method, unassisted birthing

different alternative birth setting

frederick leboyer

conceptualized leboyer method

leboyer method

- The delivery room is kept quiet and dimly lit to spare the baby from sensory overload

- The newborn is not held upside down and spanked and is not whisked away to be examined directly after birth.

- Instead, the baby is placed gently in the mother's stomach and lightly massaged.

● The umbilical cord is cut only when it stops pulsating.

● After a few moments with the mother, the baby is given a warm bath

waterbirth method

- the mother is to be submerged in water usually in a stationary or inflatable tub and will birth the baby in the water.

- less painful experience that promotes a midwife led model of care however, the safety of waterbirth has not been scientifically proven and that a wide range of adverse neonatal outcome has been documented including increased mother or child infections and the possibility of infant drowning

unassisted birthing/unassisted childbirth

refers to the process of intentionally giving birth without the assistance of a medical birth attendant

free birth/ do it yourself/unhindered birth/unassisted home birth

other terms for unassisted birthing

GENETIC COUNSELING

- Gives a couple information about how genetic conditions might affect them or the family.

● The genetic counselor or the other healthcare

professionals will collect the personal and family

health history.

genetic counseling

● This information is used to determine how likely it is that the offspring has a genetic condition.

● Addresses certain test that may be done during pregnancy. Any detective problems or condition that may affect the baby, during infancy or childhood to include.

karyotyping

It examines chromosomes and allows the doctor to determine whether there are any abnormalities or structural problems within the chromosomes of the couple and of the newly formed fetus.

13th to 32nd week

when is alpha fetoprotein produced

alpha fetoprotein

It is a glycoprotein produced by the fetal liver that reaches a peak in maternal serum between the 13th and 32nd week of pregnancy

fetal spinal cord disease

what disease elevates the level of alpha fetoprotein

trisomy 21

AFP levels are usually more than twice the value of the mean gestational age, and it's decreased in fetal chromosomal disorders such as ___

amniocentesis

done in 14-16 weeks

AOG

is needed to obtain amniotic fluid sample for analysis

chorionic villus sampling

earliest test possible in fetal cells; sample is obtained by a slender catheter passed thru the cervix to the implantation site

percutaneous umbilical blood sampling

● Done at least 17 weeks AOG. It uses ultrasound to locate the umbilical cord.

● Cord blood is aspirated and tested.

17 weeks aog

when is percutaneous umbilical blood sampling

cord blood

what is aspirated and tested for PUBS

magnetic resonance imaging

Does not use ionizing radiation like X-ray or CT scan. Instead, it uses a magnetic field and radio waves; painless and no tissue damage

20-90 minutes

typical mri scan lasts for?

fetoscopy

- A technique that utilizes a small camera or scope to examine and perform procedures on the fetus.

● During pregnancy, the scope is introduced through a small incision in the mother's abdomen and plays into the amniotic sac through the uterus.

preimplantation genetic testing

When one or both genetic parents have a known genetic abnormality and testing is performed on an embryo to determine if it also carries a genetic abnormality.

in vitro

preimplantation genetic testing is done during; meaning fertilization is done outside of the body, mechanically assisted in the laboratory

● The doctors will scan first for genetic defect prior

to implantation of the fertilized egg into the uterus.