Lesson 1 Animal Characteristics

Monera
Protist
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia

5 kingdom classification

Cellular Organization

It is the basic tool which ascends from simplest

to complex one. Starting from the base: Atoms

are organized into molecule into organelle and here

comes the cell. Cells combined to form tissue, tissue

into organ, organ into organ system, and finally into

an organism.

Reproduction

It is the biological process by which a new

individual organism "offspring“ is produced

from their "parents". Reproduction is a

fundamental feature of all known life; each

individual organism exists as the result of

reproduction (either sexual or asexual).

Metabolism

refers to all of

the chemical reactions that take place within an

organism by which complex molecules are

broken down to produce energy and by which

energy is used to build up complex molecules.

An example of a metabolic reaction is the one

that takes place when a person eats a spoonful

of sugar

Homeostasis

from the Greek words for

"same" and "steady," refers to any process

that living things use to actively maintain fairly

stable conditions necessary for survival. The

term was coined in 1930 by the physician

Walter Cannon

Heredity

is the passing on of traits from

parents to their offspring, either through asexual

reproduction or sexual reproduction, the

offspring cells or organisms acquire the genetic

information of their parents.

Response to Stimuli

A reaction to an internal or external force.

The ability of an organism or organ to respond to

external stimuli is called sensitivity. When a

stimulus is applied to a sensory receptor, it

normally elicits or influences a reflex via stimulus

transduction.

Growth and Development

is a lifelong

process of physical, behavioral, cognitive,

and emotional growth and change. In the

early stages of life from babyhood (infant

and toddler) to childhood, childhood to

adolescence, and adolescence to

adulthood enormous changes take place.

Adaptation through Evolution

by means of Natural

Selection, organisms that possess

heritable traits that enable them to better

adapt to their environment compared with

other members of their species will be

more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass

more of their genes on to the next

generation.

Multicellular

Organisms that

consist of more than one cell, in

contrast to unicellular organisms.

All species of animals are

multicellular however, it's important

to keep in mind that animals aren't

the only multicellular organisms;

that honor is also shared by plants,

fungi, and even some species of

algae

Eukaryotic

organisms have well-

defined nuclei and internal

organelles such as mitochondria,

and are capable of grouping

together to form multicellular

organisms

True

True or false
While all animals are eukaryotes,

not all eukaryotes are animals:

stem cells

diversify into four

broad biological categories: nervous tissues,

connective tissues, muscle tissues, and

epithelial tissues which line the organs and

blood vessels

Sexual Reproduction

combine their

genetic information, and produce

offspring bearing the DNA of both

parents.

from an evolutionary perspective:

the ability to test out various genome combinations allows animals to adapt quickly

to new ecosystems, and thus out-compete asexual organisms

The advantages of sexual reproduction

zygote

When a male's sperm encounters a

female's egg, the result is a single cell

called a

morula

after the zygote

undergoes a few rounds of division, it's

called a

Blastula

a

hollow sphere of multiple cells

surrounding an inner fluid cavity. It's only

when cells are enclosed in a blastula that

they start differentiating into different

tissue types

Sessile

Organisms that live rooted to one

spot are

Motile

ad those that move

around are

Heterotrophy

ability to ingest food

Heterotrophy

All living things need organic carbon to

support the basic processes of life,

including growth, development, and

reproduction. There are two ways to

obtain carbon: from the environment in

the form of carbon dioxide, a freely

available gas in the atmosphere, or by

feeding on other carbon-rich organisms

Autotrophs

Living organisms that obtain carbon from the environment, like plants, are called

heterotrophs

while living organisms that obtain carbon by ingesting other living

organisms, like animals are called

Asymmetry

It is the absence of, or a violation

of, symmetry.

Symmetry

is an

important property of both physical

and abstract systems and it may be

displayed in precise terms or in more

aesthetic terms

Animal Symmetry

It is the balanced distribution of duplicate

body parts or shapes within the body of

an organism. In nature and

biology, symmetry is always

approximate.

Asymmetrical Radial Bilateral

3 Classes of Symmetry

Radial Symmetry

Symmetrical arrangement of

parts of an organism around

a single main axis, so that

the organism can be divided

into similar halves by any

plane that contains the main

axis. The body plans of

echinoderms, ctenophores,

cnidarians, and many

sponges and sea anemones

show

Bilateral Symmetry

Symmetrical arrangement of

an organism or part of an

organism along a central axis,

so that the organism or part

can be divided into two equal

halves.

Bilateral symmetry

is a

characteristic of animals that

are capable of moving freely

through their environments

Cephalization

An evolutionary trend in which, over many generations, the

mouth, sense organs, and nerve ganglia become concentrated at the

front end of an animal, producing a head region.

coelom

A is a cavity lined

by mesothelium, an epithelium derived

from mesoderm.