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1930s: what are the 6 causes of the great depression?
overproduction
reliance on exporting staple products
depdendence on the US
stock market crash
economic protectionism and tariffs
International debt after WW1
1930s: Who was Roosevelt?
The 32nd President of the United States, Franklin D. Roosevelt led the country during the Great Depression and World War II, implementing the New Deal to address economic challenges.
1930s: who was Hoovert?
The 31st President of the United States, Herbert Hoover served from 1929 to 1933 and is often associated with the start of the Great Depression, facing criticism for his responses to the economic crisis.
1930s: who was Mackenzie King?
The Prime Minister of Canada during the Great Depression and World War II, William Lyon Mackenzie King is known for his leadership in navigating economic challenges and his efforts to maintain Canadian unity.
1930s: What is the New Deal?
A series of programs and reforms introduced by Franklin D. Roosevelt to recover the U.S. economy during the Great Depression, focusing on relief, recovery, and reform.
1930s: What are Keynesian Economics?
Economic theories advocating for increased government spending and lower taxes to stimulate demand and pull the economy out of recession.
1920s: Prohibition
The legal prevention of the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States from 1920 to 1933, aimed at reducing crime and corruption but often resulting in the opposite effect.
1920s: speakeasy
An illicit establishment that sold alcoholic beverages during Prohibition, often hidden and requiring a password for entry.
1920s: bootlegger
A person who illegally transported or distributed alcoholic beverages during Prohibition, often evading law enforcement.
1920s: the red scare and the palmer raids
A period of intense fear of communism and anarchism in the United States following World War I, characterized by government actions, including the Palmer Raids, which targeted suspected radicals and led to mass arrests.
1920s: 19th amendment
The 19th Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1920, granted women the right to vote.
1920s:Fundamentalism
is a strict adherence to traditional religious beliefs and practices, often emphasizing the literal interpretation of sacred texts.
1920s: The scopes trial
also known as the "Monkey Trial," was a 1925 legal case in Tennessee where high school teacher John T. Scopes was accused of violating state law by teaching evolution
1920s: flapper
a young woman in the 1920s who embraced new fashions and lifestyles that challenged traditional norms. Known for their short hair, knee-length dresses, and love for jazz music, flappers symbolized independence, freedom, and the changing roles of women in society.
1920s: The Harlem Renaissance
a cultural, artistic, and intellectual movement during the 1920s and 1930s, centered in Harlem, New York, where African American artists, writers, musicians, and thinkers celebrated Black culture, identity, and creativity.
1920s: Cotton club
a famous Harlem nightclub in the 1920s known for featuring Black performers while being segregated for a primarily white audience.
1920s: Kellogg-Briand pact
signed in 1928, was an international agreement in which countries renounced war as a means of resolving conflicts and agreed to settle disputes peacefully.
1920s: Ku Klux Klan
is a white supremacist hate group founded in the 1860s that has historically used violence, intimidation, and terror to promote racism, anti-immigrant sentiment, and white dominance.
1920s: Why was there a growth in economy during this time?
technological innovations and Mass Production
Increased consumer spending
Stock market speculation
Government policies and Tax cuts
Global trade and expansion
cultural shifts and new industries
rise of the stock market and investment
What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
Ended WW1
imposed harsh terms on Germany
Military Restrictions: The German army was limited to 100,000 soldiers, no air force, and limited navy.
War Guilt Clause: Germany had to accept full responsibility for the war.
Reparations: Germany had to pay huge reparations (about $33 billion).
League of Nations: Germany was excluded from the League.
Political Changes: The German Empire was dismantled, creating the Weimar Republic.
imperialism
is when a country takes control of another country or region, often by force, in order to expand its power, wealth, and influence. This can involve controlling land, resources, and people. In simple terms, it's when one country tries to dominate or rule over another.
natinonalism
the belief that people who share a common culture, language, or history should have their own country or be united as a nation. It’s the feeling of pride and loyalty towards one's own country, often leading to the desire for independence or self-governance.
arms race
a competition between countries to build and accumulate more weapons, especially powerful ones like guns, tanks, or nuclear bombs. Each country tries to have a stronger military power than the others to feel safer or more powerful. This often happens when countries are worried about potential threats or conflicts.
militarism
when a country puts a lot of importance on building and maintaining a strong military. It often involves believing that military power is the best way to solve problems or protect the country. This can lead to the military having a big influence on the country’s decisions and actions.
which countries were apart of the triple alliance?
Germany
Austria-hungary
Italy
what countries were apart of the triple entante
France
Russia
UK
what countries were apart of the central powers?
Germany
Austria-Hungary
Ottoman Empire (joined later in the war)
Bulgaria (joined later in the war)
what is the meaning of Carte Blanche
"complete freedom to act as one wishes" or "unlimited authority". It refers to giving someone full permission or power to make decisions without restrictions or limitations. Essentially, it’s like saying, "You have the freedom to do whatever you think is best."
What is PTSD
post traumatic stress disorder
No man’s land
was the area between the trenches of opposing armies during World War I. It was a dangerous, desolate strip of land, often filled with barbed wire, craters, and debris. Soldiers from both sides avoided it because it was heavily exposed to gunfire, artillery, and other attacks. Anyone who ventured into No Man's Land was at great risk of being killed. It became a symbol of the brutal and often stagnant nature of trench warfare.
Russia’s revolution which lead to their exit from WW1
The Russian Revolution led to the collapse of the Russian Empire and the rise of the Bolshevik government. The new leaders, focused on internal change and revolution, withdrew Russia from WWI by signing the Brest-Litovsk Treaty, ending the Eastern Front of the war for Russia
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Gavrillo Princip
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary occurred on June 28, 1914, in Sarajevo. He was killed by Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb nationalist, who was part of a group aiming to create a Greater Serbia. This event triggered a series of events: Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia, declared war on it, and, due to alliances, Russia, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom became involved, leading to the start of World War I.
November 11 1918 (the day Germany surrendered)
On November 11, 1918, Germany signed an armistice, ending World War I. Fighting stopped at 11:00 AM, marking Germany's surrender and leading to the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Canada made this day as remembrance day.
Who was the leader of UK when the treaty of Versailles was signed?
David lloyd george
Who was the leader of France when the treaty of Versailles was signed?
georges clemceau
Who was the leader of USA when the treaty of Versailles was signed?
Woodrow Wilson
What did Usa get out of the Treaty of Versailles?
created the league of nations to prevent another world war
didn’t want Germany to get blamed for the war
What did France get out of the Treaty of Versailles?
wanted to punish Germany
for Germany to pay France back for all the damage done
France did not join the league of nations
disbandment of the German army.
what did the UK get out of the Treaty of Versailles?
they wanted to punish Germany, but not enough so that they could still trade.
UK wanted land to contribute to their naval supremacy.
Who fought in the battle of Ypres
France and the British(allied forces) vs Germany
who fought in the battle of sommes
British Empire + France vs Germany
what is the significance of the battle of Vimy Ridge
The Canadians beat Germany and took over Vimy Ridge. A moment of Pride for Canada. Over 50,000 casualties in this battle
What is the significance of the battle of Ypres
Whoever won would have access to the English ports, which would’ve helped the transport of goods, weapons, etc.
what is the significance of the battle of sommes
The first appearance of tanks in warfare. The allies (France and UK) gained little ground for the cost of many lives. The allies wore the Germans down, but couldn’t get a decisive breakthrough through the German lines.
who fought in the battle of Passchendaele
Allied forces (Britain and France) and Germany (third phase of the battle of Ypres)
what is the significance of the battle of Passchendael?
There is a Canadian national Vimy memorial. New forms of warfare were experienced. The hardest fought battle with over 300,000 casualties.
