Test 1: US History

Henry the Navigator

founded influential navigation school

Bartolomeu Dias

reached the southern tip of Africa

Vasco da Gama

sailed around Africa to India

Amerigo Vespucci

realized Columbus found a New continent

Conquistadors

Spanish soldiers who conquered the Natives

Ferdinand Magellan

first person to sail around the world

St. Augustine

first permanent European settlement in the U.S.

Northwest Passage

water route through America to the Pacific

Samuel de Champlain

founder of Quebec

Sir Walter Raleigh

oversaw the colonization of Virginia

John White

leader of Roanoke settlement

Jamestown (1607)

first permanent English settlement in New World

John Smith

leader who saved Jamestown from destruction

John Rolfe

tobacco farmer who married Pocahontas

Pilgrims

English separatists who settled Plymouth in 1620

Mayflower Compact

legal contract that governed Plymouth

Squanto

taught the Pilgrims how to survive

William Bradford

governor of Plymouth

John Winthrop

governor of Masschusetts Bay

Henry Hudson

explored the Hudson River and Bay for the Dutch

William Penn

founded Pennsylvania as a haven for Quakers

Bacon's Rebellion

uprising of colonial farmers against Virginia government

Daniel Boone

legendary frontiersman of the colonial era

Ole' Deluder Satan Act

first public schools in America (1647)

How did the first Americans arrive in the modern United States?

Arrived thousands of years ago, likely through the Bering Land Bridge from Asia.

What were the three most powerful Native American tribes in the Americas?

Mayas, Aztecs, and Incas.

How did the breakdown of feudalism, the Crusades, and the Renaissance lead to New World settlement and exploration?

Feudalism granted a system of life centered around land ownership. The Crusades revived trade, created a middle class and served as a model for the New World. The Renaissance served as a rebirth of art, learning and science.

What year did Christopher Columbus "discover" the Americas?

1492

What was the significance of England's defeat of the Spanish Armada?

England defeated Spain in 1588, helping England become a major naval/colonial power. Which led to the spread of Protestantism and divine intervention.

Who conquered the Incas?

Francisco Pizarro - defeated them in (1533)

Who conquered the Aztecs?

Hernando Cortés - defeated them in (1521)

Compare and contrast French and Spanish colonization of the New World, including their motives, locations, legacies and interactions with Natives.

French motive = Northwest Passage (water route through america to the Pacific)

Spanish motives = Trade routes and explorations, wealth, spreading Christianity, expanding Spanish territory.

French locations= New France Canada, Great Lakes, Mississippi Valley

Spanish location= St. Augustine, Mexico, Cental/South America

French legacies= Quebuc, east coast exploration

Spanish legacies= Ferdinard Magellan, Catholicism, Invincible Armada.

French interactions with the Natives= very cooperative.

Spanish interactions with the Natives= violent conquest

What year were Jamestown and Plymouth founded?

Jamestwon: 1607, Plymouth: 1620

Describes the challenges and precedents of the Jamestown Colonies?

Jamestown:

Challenges

- Malaria

- Contaminated water

- Poor work ethic

Precedents

- Representative government

- Cash Crops

- Private Property

- Slave labor

Describe the challenges and precedents of the Massachusetts Bay Colonies?

Massachusetts Bay:

Challenges

- Religious dissent

- Banishment

- Strict religious laws

Precedents

- Town meetings

- Biblical morality

- Local self-government

- Puritan work ethic

Describe the challenges and precedents of the Plymouth Colonies?

Plymouth:

Challenges

- Harsh first winter

- Lack of Experience

- Unfamiliar soil

Precedents

- Representative democracy

- Written legal framework

- Religious liberty

- Religious tolerance

Explain the problems caused by the common-store system and how it was solved

Problems: severe food shortage, laziness, and near starvation.

Solution: Private property.

Explain the difference between charter, proprietry and royal colonies.

Charter: private land governed by a royal contract

Proprietary: private land granted by a monarch

Royal: land controlled directly by the monarch

What is a Royal colony?

Land controlled directly by the monarch

What is a Proprietary colony?

Private land granted by a monarch

What is a Charter colony?

Private land governed by a royal contract

Which colony was the first to grant religious freedom?

The New England colony granted religious freedom to Rhode Island.

Compare and contrast religion, social class, livelihood, and education in the various regions (New England, Middle, Southern) of the Thirteen Colonies.

New England:

Religion- Mostly Purtian

Social Class- Based on Wealth

Livelihood- Small family farms

Education- Biblical-based learning

Middle:

Religion- Diverse & tolerant

Social Class- Based on Wealth

Livelihood- Bread colony (grain production)

Education- diverse private church schools

Southern:

Religion- Anglican Church

Social Class- Based on Wealth

Livelihood- Large plantation (Tobacco, rice, indigo)

Education- home tutors for the wealthy

Explain the difference between the Upper and Lower houses of colonial legislatures.

Upper houses appoint their governors and has smaller areas while the Lower house elected their governors, has financial power and has more power.