PMB 4321 Leaf Morphology

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Last updated 7:13 PM on 9/21/26

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50 Terms

1

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<p>What is 1?</p>

What is 1?

Stem

Main plant axis that supports leaves and buds.

Function: supports above-ground organs and transports water, minerals, and sugars through vascular tissue.

Recognition: upright structure from which leaves and nodes arise.

<p><strong>Stem</strong></p><p><strong>Main plant axis that supports leaves and buds.</strong></p><p><strong>Function</strong>: supports above-ground organs and transports water, minerals, and sugars through vascular tissue.</p><p><strong>Recognition</strong>: upright structure from which leaves and nodes arise.</p>

2

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<p>What is 2?</p>

What is 2?

Bud

Undeveloped shoot, leaf, or flower.

Function: allows future growth and development of new plant structures.

<p><strong>Bud</strong></p><p><strong>Undeveloped shoot, leaf, or flower.</strong></p><p><strong>Function</strong>: allows future growth and development of new plant structures.</p>

3

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<p>What is 3?</p>

What is 3?

Petiole

Stalk connecting the leaf blade to the stem.

Function: positions the leaf for light capture and contains vascular tissue connecting the blade to the stem.

<p><strong>Petiole</strong></p><p><strong>Stalk connecting the leaf blade to the stem.</strong></p><p><strong>Function</strong>: positions the leaf for light capture and contains vascular tissue connecting the blade to the stem.</p>

4

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<p>What is 4?</p>

What is 4?

Leaf base

The portion of the leaf where the blade or petiole attaches.

Function: anchors the leaf to the stem and is the transition point between leaf and stem tissues.

<p><strong>Leaf base</strong></p><p><strong>The portion of the leaf where the blade or petiole attaches.</strong></p><p><strong>Function</strong>: anchors the leaf to the stem and is the transition point between leaf and stem tissues.</p>

5

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<p>What is 5?</p>

What is 5?

Midvein

Main central vein running through the leaf blade.

Function: transports water and sugars and helps support the blade.

<p><strong>Midvein</strong></p><p><strong>Main central vein running through the leaf blade.</strong></p><p><strong>Function</strong>: transports water and sugars and helps support the blade.</p>

6

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<p>What is 6?</p>

What is 6?

Veins

Vascular structures running through the leaf.

Function: transport water, minerals, and sugars and provide structural support.

<p><strong>Veins</strong></p><p><strong>Vascular structures running through the leaf.</strong></p><p><strong>Function</strong>: transport water, minerals, and sugars and provide structural support.</p>

7

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<p>What is 7?</p>

What is 7?

Margin

Outer edge of the leaf blade.

Function: part of the photosynthetic surface; margin shape can affect water loss, drainage, and heat exchange.

<p><strong>Margin</strong></p><p><strong>Outer edge of the leaf blade.</strong></p><p>Function: part of the photosynthetic surface; margin shape can affect water loss, drainage, and heat exchange.</p>

8

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<p>What is 8?</p>

What is 8?

Apex

Tip or terminal end of the leaf blade.

Function: contributes to leaf shape and may aid water shedding.

<p><strong>Apex</strong></p><p><strong>Tip or terminal end of the leaf blade.</strong></p><p><strong>Function</strong>: contributes to leaf shape and may aid water shedding.</p>

9

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<p>What is 9?</p>

What is 9?

Blade

Broad, flattened portion of a leaf.

Function: primary site of photosynthesis and gas exchange.

<p><strong>Blade</strong></p><p><strong>Broad, flattened portion of a leaf.</strong></p><p><strong>Function</strong>: primary site of photosynthesis and gas exchange.</p>

10

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<p>What is 10?</p>

What is 10?

Stipules

Paired leaf-like structures near the base of a leaf or petiole.

Function: often protect the developing leaf or bud; in some plants they may also photosynthesize.

<p><strong>Stipules</strong></p><p><strong>Paired leaf-like structures near the base of a leaf or petiole.</strong></p><p><strong>Function</strong>: often protect the developing leaf or bud; in some plants they may also photosynthesize.</p>

11

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<p>What is 11?</p>

What is 11?

Axillary bud

Bud located in the axil between a leaf and stem.

Function: can develop into a lateral branch or flower.

<p><strong>Axillary bud</strong></p><p><strong>Bud located in the axil between a leaf and stem.</strong></p><p><strong>Function</strong>: can develop into a lateral branch or flower.</p>

12

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<p>What is 12?</p>

What is 12?

Apical bud

Bud at the growing tip of a stem.

Function: responsible for primary growth and elongation of the shoot.

<p><strong>Apical bud</strong></p><p><strong>Bud at the growing tip of a stem.</strong></p><p><strong>Function</strong>: responsible for primary growth and elongation of the shoot.</p>

13

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<p>What is 16?</p>

What is 16?

Leaf

Plant organ attached at a node, generally with a blade and sometimes a petiole.

Function: performs photosynthesis, gas exchange, and transpiration.

<p><strong>Leaf</strong></p><p><strong>Plant organ attached at a node, generally with a blade and sometimes a petiole.</strong></p><p><strong>Function</strong>: performs photosynthesis, gas exchange, and transpiration.</p>

14

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<p>What is 15?</p>

What is 15?

Node

Point on a stem where a leaf or bud attaches.

Function: site from which leaves, buds, and branches can arise.

<p><strong>Node</strong></p><p><strong>Point on a stem where a leaf or bud attaches.</strong></p><p><strong>Function</strong>: site from which leaves, buds, and branches can arise.</p>

15

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<p>What is 14?</p>

What is 14?

Internode

Portion of stem between two nodes.

Function: spaces leaves and branches apart and contributes to shoot elongation.

<p><strong>Internode</strong></p><p><strong>Portion of stem between two nodes.</strong></p><p><strong>Function</strong>: spaces leaves and branches apart and contributes to shoot elongation.</p>

16

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<p>What is 18?</p>

What is 18?

Leaflet

One subdivision of a compound leaf.

Function: carries out photosynthesis as part of the whole compound leaf.

<p><strong>Leaflet</strong></p><p><strong>One subdivision of a compound leaf.</strong></p><p><strong>Function</strong>: carries out photosynthesis as part of the whole compound leaf.</p>

17

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<p>Leaf vs. leaflet</p>

Leaf vs. leaflet

A leaf has an axillary bud at its base; a leaflet does not.

Functionally, both photosynthesize, but only the whole leaf is attached at a true node.

<p><strong>A leaf has an axillary bud at its base; a leaflet does not. </strong></p><p>Functionally, both photosynthesize, but only the <strong>whole leaf is attached at a true node.</strong></p>

18

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<p>What is 17?</p>

What is 17?

Simple leaf

Leaf with one undivided blade.

<p><strong>Simple leaf</strong></p><p><strong>Leaf with one undivided blade.</strong></p>

19

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<p>What is 24?</p>

What is 24?

Compound leaf

Leaf whose blade is divided into multiple leaflets.

<p><strong>Compound leaf</strong></p><p><strong>Leaf whose blade is divided into multiple leaflets.</strong></p>

20

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<p>What is 20?</p>

What is 20?

Pinnate compound

Compound leaf with leaflets arranged along a central axis.

<p><strong>Pinnate compound</strong></p><p><strong>Compound leaf with leaflets arranged along a central axis.</strong></p>

21

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<p>What is 21?</p>

What is 21?

Palmate compound

Compound leaf with leaflets radiating from one point.

<p><strong>Palmate compound</strong></p><p><strong>Compound leaf with leaflets radiating from one point.</strong></p>

22

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<p>What is 22?</p>

What is 22?

Twice-pinnate

Compound leaf in which primary divisions are themselves pinnately divided.

<p><strong>Twice-pinnate</strong></p><p><strong>Compound leaf in which primary divisions are themselves pinnately divided.</strong></p>

23

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<p>What is 25?</p>

What is 25?

Alternate leaf arrangement

1 leaf per node.

<p><strong>Alternate leaf arrangement</strong></p><p><strong>1 leaf per node. </strong></p>

24

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<p>What is 26?</p>

What is 26?

Opposite leaf arrangement

2 leaves per node.

<p><strong>Opposite leaf arrangement</strong></p><p><strong>2 leaves per node.</strong></p>

25

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<p>What is 27?</p>

What is 27?

Whorled leaf arrangement

More than 2 leaves per node.

<p><strong>Whorled leaf arrangement</strong></p><p><strong>More than 2 leaves per node.</strong></p>

26

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<p>What is 28?</p>

What is 28?

Parallel venation

Major veins run approximately parallel to one another.

<p><strong>Parallel venation</strong></p><p><strong>Major veins run approximately parallel to one another.</strong></p>

27

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<p>What is 29?</p>

What is 29?

Pinnate venation

Secondary veins branch from one main midvein.

<p><strong>Pinnate venation</strong></p><p><strong>Secondary veins branch from one main midvein.</strong></p>

28

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<p>What is 30?</p>

What is 30?

Palmate venation

Several major veins radiate outward from one common point.

<p><strong>Palmate venation</strong></p><p><strong>Several major veins radiate outward from one common point.</strong></p>

29

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<p>What is 35?</p>

What is 35?

Entire margin

Smooth leaf margin with no teeth or lobes.

<p><strong>Entire margin</strong></p><p><strong>Smooth leaf margin with no teeth or lobes.</strong></p>

30

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<p>What is 34?</p>

What is 34?

Serrate margin

Toothed or saw-like leaf margin.

<p><strong>Serrate margin</strong></p><p><strong>Toothed or saw-like leaf margin.</strong></p>

31

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<p>What is 33?</p>

What is 33?

Lobed margin

Leaf margin divided into projecting lobes with septa between them.

<p><strong>Lobed margin</strong></p><p><strong>Leaf margin divided into projecting lobes with septa between them.</strong></p>

32

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<p>What is 31?</p>

What is 31?

Lobe

Projecting portion of a lobed leaf.

<p><strong>Lobe</strong></p><p><strong>Projecting portion of a lobed leaf.</strong></p>

33

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<p>What is 32?</p>

What is 32?

Sinus

Indentation between two lobes.

<p><strong>Sinus</strong></p><p><strong>Indentation between two lobes.</strong></p>

34

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<p>What is 36</p>

What is 36

Cordate leaf base

Heart-shaped leaf base.

<p><strong>Cordate leaf base</strong></p><p><strong>Heart-shaped leaf base.</strong></p>

35

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<p>What is 37?</p>

What is 37?

Asymmetrical leaf base

Two sides of the leaf base are unequal.

<p><strong>Asymmetrical leaf base</strong></p><p><strong>Two sides of the leaf base are unequal.</strong></p>

36

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<p>What is 38?</p>

What is 38?

Cuneate leaf base

Wedge-shaped base that narrows toward the attachment point.

<p><strong>Cuneate leaf base</strong></p><p><strong>Wedge-shaped base that narrows toward the attachment point.</strong></p>

37

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<p>What is 39?</p>

What is 39?

Rounded leaf base

Leaf base forming a smooth rounded curve.

<p><strong>Rounded leaf base</strong></p><p><strong>Leaf base forming a smooth rounded curve.</strong></p>

38

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<p>What is 40?</p>

What is 40?

Rounded apex

Leaf tip forms a smooth rounded end.

<p><strong>Rounded apex</strong></p><p><strong>Leaf tip forms a smooth rounded end.</strong></p>

39

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<p>What is 41?</p>

What is 41?

Acuminate apex

Leaf tip gradually tapers into a long narrow point.

<p><strong>Acuminate apex</strong></p><p><strong>Leaf tip gradually tapers into a long narrow point.</strong></p>

40

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<p>What is 42?</p>

What is 42?

Acute apex

Leaf tip comes to a relatively short, sharp point.

<p><strong>Acute apex</strong></p><p><strong>Leaf tip comes to a relatively short, sharp point.</strong></p>

41

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<p>What is 43?</p>

What is 43?

Deltoid leaf shape

Triangular leaf shape.

<p><strong>Deltoid leaf shape</strong></p><p><strong>Triangular leaf shape.</strong></p>

42

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<p>What is 44?</p>

What is 44?

Sagittate leaf shape

Arrowhead-shaped leaf with two backward-pointing basal lobes.

<p><strong>Sagittate leaf shape</strong></p><p><strong>Arrowhead-shaped leaf with two backward-pointing basal lobes.</strong></p>

43

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<p>What is 45?</p>

What is 45?

Cordate leaf shape

Heart-shaped leaf.

<p><strong>Cordate leaf shape</strong></p><p><strong>Heart-shaped leaf.</strong></p>

44

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<p>What is 46?</p>

What is 46?

Spatulate leaf shape

Spoon-shaped; narrow at the base and broader toward the apex.

<p><strong>Spatulate leaf shape</strong></p><p><strong>Spoon-shaped; narrow at the base and broader toward the apex.</strong></p>

45

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<p>What is 47?</p>

What is 47?

Ovate leaf shape

Egg-shaped; widest below the middle.

<p><strong>Ovate leaf shape</strong></p><p><strong>Egg-shaped; widest below the middle.</strong></p>

46

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<p>What is 49?</p>

What is 49?

Lanceolate leaf shape

Lance-shaped; long and narrow, tapering toward both ends.

<p><strong>Lanceolate leaf shape</strong></p><p><strong>Lance-shaped; long and narrow, tapering toward both ends.</strong></p>

47

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<p>What is 48?</p>

What is 48?

Oblanceolate leaf shape

Reverse lanceolate; widest above the middle and tapering toward the base.

<p><strong>Oblanceolate leaf shape</strong></p><p><strong>Reverse lanceolate; widest above the middle and tapering toward the base.</strong></p>

48

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<p>What is 50?</p>

What is 50?

Elliptic leaf shape

Ellipse-shaped; widest near the middle.

<p><strong>Elliptic leaf shape</strong></p><p><strong>Ellipse-shaped; widest near the middle.</strong></p>

49

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<p>What is 51?</p>

What is 51?

Elongate leaf shape

Noticeably longer than wide.

<p><strong>Elongate leaf shape</strong></p><p><strong>Noticeably longer than wide.</strong></p>

50

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<p>What is 52?</p>

What is 52?

Linear leaf shape

Very long and narrow with approximately parallel sides.

<p><strong>Linear leaf shape</strong></p><p><strong>Very long and narrow with approximately parallel sides.</strong></p>