Anatomy of Bones and Hyaluronic Acid

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the anatomy of long and short bones, the properties of chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid, and the microscopic structure of bone.

Chondroitin Sulfate

A substance that aids in the structure of cartilage and can combine with hyaluronic acid.

Hyaluronic Acid

A viscous substance that assists in the lubrication and elasticity of synovial joints and can combine with chondroitin sulfate.

Proximal Epiphysis

The end of the bone that is closer to the body.

Diaphysis

The shaft or central part of a long bone.

Periosteum

The membrane covering the outer surface of bones, consisting of an outer fibrous layer and an inner osteogenic layer.

Compact Bone

Dense bone tissue that lies beneath the periosteum.

Trabecular (Spongy) Bone

A type of bone that has a porous, lattice-like structure found within the interior of bones.

Endosteum

The thin membrane that lines the inner surface of the medullary cavity.

Medullary Cavity

The central cavity of bones where bone marrow is stored.

Nutrient Foramen

A small opening in bones through which blood vessels enter to supply nutrients.

Distal Epiphysis

The end of the bone that is further away from the body.

Growth Plate (Epiphyseal Disk)

A plate of cartilage at the end of long bones that enables growth.

Haversian System

The structural unit of compact bone consisting of a Haversian canal and surrounding lamellae.

Haversian Canal

The central channel in the Haversian system that contains blood vessels and nerves.

Volkman's Canal (Communicating Canal)

Canals that connect Haversian canals and provide communication between them.

Short Bone Anatomy

Includes compact bone on the surface, diploe (spongy bone) in the center, and red bone marrow.