Developmental Psychology Lecture Notes

Flashcards on Developmental Psychology, covering Erikson's stages, adolescent development, and related concepts.

What is the focus of psychosocial development (Erik Erikson)?

Individuals progress through a series of stages, each characterized by a specific conflict that contributes to a major aspect of personality.

Trust vs Mistrust: Age Range?

Birth to 18 months

Trust vs Mistrust: Key Focus?

Development of trust

Trust vs Mistrust: Developmental Task?

Infants learn whether or not they can trust the world to meet their basic needs.

Trust vs Mistrust: Achieved Through?

Consistent and reliable care and affection from caregivers.

Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt: Age Range?

18 months to 3 years

Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt

Development of personal control

Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt: Developmental Task?

Toddlers seek to do things on their own.

Autonomy vs Shame & Doubt: Achieved Through?

Encouragement and freedom to explore.

Initiative and Guilt: Age Range?

3 to 6 years

Initiative and Guilt: Key Focus?

Development of initiative

Initiative and Guilt: Developmental Task?

Children begin to initiate actions and make decisions.

Initiative and Guilt: Achieved Through?

Encouragement of independent activity.

Industry and Inferiority: Age Range?

6 to 12 years

Industry and Inferiority: Key Focus?

Building Skills (Competence)

Industry and Inferiority: Developmental Task?

Children strive to demonstrate skills and abilities.

Industry and Inferiority: Achieved Through?

Reinforcement in school and play.

Identity and Role Confusion: Age Range?

12 to 18 years

Identity and Role Confusion: Key Focus?

Forming Identity

Identity and Role Confusion: Developmental Task?

Teenagers explore and solidify their sense of self.

Identity and Role Confusion: Achieved Through?

Experimentation with roles and identities.

Intimacy and Isolation: Age Range?

18 to 40 years

Intimacy and Isolation: Key Focus?

Establishing Connections

Intimacy and Isolation: Developmental Task?

Adults seek to form close, committed relationships.

Intimacy and Isolation: Achieved Through?

Deepening relationships beyond oneself.

Generativity and Stagnation: Age Range?

40 to 65 years

Generativity and Stagnation: Key Focus?

Nurturing the Next Generation

Generativity and Stagnation: Developmental Task?

Adults aim to contribute to the well-being of the next generation.

Generativity and Stagnation: Achieved Through?

Parenting, mentoring, and productivity.

Integrity & Despair: Age Range?

65 years and older

Integrity & Despair: Key Focus?

Reflecting on Life

Integrity & Despair: Developmental Task?

Elders look back on life achievements and regrets.

Integrity & Despair: Achieved Through?

Life review and acceptance.

During the early school years, a child develops a sense of pride in their accomplishments, but may also feel inadequate if they do not measure up to their peers. This stage of psychosocial development is referred to as?

Industry vs. Inferiority

A researcher compares the behavior of children aged 5, 10, and 15 in a single study conducted over several months. This study is an example of:

Cross-Sectional Research

A teenager is exploring various roles and ideas to form a personal identity but sometimes feels confused about which values and beliefs she truly holds. This conflict characterizes which stage of Erikson's psychosocial development?

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Social Clock

Cultural timeline that sets expected ages for key life events, like starting a career, getting married, or having children, shaping social expectations for individuals.

Emerging Adulthood

Transitional life stage from late teens to mid-20s, marked by exploration and self-discovery as individuals navigate career paths, relationships, and personal identity.

Adolescent Egocentrism

Stage in teenage development marked by an increased self-focus, leading to beliefs that one's experiences are unique and that others are always observing them.

Imaginary Audience

Phenomenon in adolescence where individuals believe others are constantly watching and judging their behavior, making them highly self-conscious.

Personal Fable

Adolescent belief that one's experiences are unique and special, often leading to feelings of invulnerability and an underestimation of potential risks.

Possible Selves

The various versions of who individuals might become in the future, including ideal selves they hope to achieve and feared selves they wish to avoid.

Social Identity

An individual's sense of who they are based on their membership in social groups, like nationality, religion, or profession.

Identity Diffusion

A state where individuals have not yet explored or committed to life choices regarding beliefs, goals, or values, often leading to uncertainty about their sense of self.

Identity Foreclosure

A stage where individuals commit to goals, beliefs, or values without exploring alternatives, often adopting the expectations of parents or society.

Identity Moratorium

A stage in which individuals actively explore different life paths, beliefs, and values but have not yet made a final commitment, often leading to a period of uncertainty and experimentation.

Identity Achievement

The stage where individuals have explored various life paths and made firm decisions about their beliefs, values, and goals, resulting in a clear and stable sense of self.

A teenager believes that everyone is watching and judging her at school, especially when she makes mistakes. This heightened self-consciousness is known as:

Imaginary Audience

A young adult feels unique and invincible, thinking that experiences or feelings are completely original and that they are immune to harm that affects others. This belief is characteristic of:

Personal Fable

A college student is exploring various majors and career options, actively trying out different roles without yet making a commitment. This stage of identity development is known as:

Identity Moratorium

During a psychology lecture on development, a professor discusses how adolescents who lack direction and remain unconcerned about their future are exhibiting:

Identity Diffusion

A 30-year-old feels pressure to settle down and start a family, noting that many of their peers are already married with children. This perception of needing to achieve certain life milestones by a specific age is influenced by:

Social Clock