Drugs for Tuberculosis, Fungal, and Parasitic Infections

Flashcards about Drugs for Tuberculosis, Fungal, and Parasitic Infections

Parasite

An organism that can survive only by living in or on a host organism.

Parasites in Humans

Three main classes are protozoa, helminths, and ectoparasites (fleas and lice).

Amebiasis and Giardiasis

Amebiasis and giardiasis are usually contracted from food and water contaminated by feces or from unwashed hands after using the bathroom

Toxoplasmosis

Usually asymptomatic in a healthy individual

Trichomoniasis Symptoms

Includes burning, itching, redness, and vaginal or penile discharge.

Malaria Signs and Symptoms

Fever, chills, sweating, headaches, extreme fatigue, body aches, nausea, and vomiting.

Antiprotozoal Drugs Action

Affecting the function of DNA and/or RNA to kill the protozoan parasites

Metronidazole (Flagyl) and iodoquinol (Yodoxin)

Used to treat amebiasis, giardiasis, toxoplasmosis, and trichomoniasis

Chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine, quinine, and mefloquine

Inhibit the DNA and RNA enzymes necessary for the parasite to reproduce and live

Drugs that Adverse Reactions are related to

Iodoquinol, Metronidazole, Primaquine, and Hydroxychloroquine

Metronidazole Interaction

Increases the effects of warfarin, and serious bleeding can occur when the two drugs are taken together.

Isoniazid (INH)

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

Ethambutol (EMB)

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

Rifampin (RIF)

Inhibits the enzymes needed for TB RNA and protein synthesis

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

Increases sun sensitivity and causes muscle aches and acne.

INH Adverse Reaction

Causes a deficiency in vitamin B6, causes peripheral neuropathy with loss of sensation in the hands and feet.

Ethambutol Adverse Reaction

Causes confusion and optic neuritis that can lead to vision loss if the drug is not stopped.

Moxifloxacin Adverse Reaction

Can cause tendinopathy and even tendon rupture, as well as cardiac dysrhythmias.

Active TB signs and symptoms

Productive cough with thick and often bloody sputum, low-grade fever, night sweats, anorexia, unplanned weight loss, and fatigue

Outreach services and community clinics

Enlisted to ensure treatment success for homeless patients

Directly observed therapy (DOT)

Given by an authorized person who watches to ensure that the patient actually swallows the drugs

Mycosis or a mycotic infection

A fungal infection

Patients at increased risk for developing a fungal infection

Patients with diabetes, pregnant women, women taking birth control drugs, patients taking corticosteroids and newborns

Antifungal Drugs Classifications

Azoles, polyenes, allylamines, antifungal antibiotics, antimetabolites, and echinocandins

-azole

Fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole all have this suffix

Stevens-Johnson syndrome

A painful red or purple rash, blisters, and flu symptoms, and it is a medical emergency.

Amphotericin B

Patients are premedicated with antihistamines, antipyretics, corticosteroids, and opiates

Adverse reactions to systemic antifungals

Peeling, blistering, itching, burning, and redness of the skin, are similar to the symptoms of the diseases they are intended to cure