Zoology Final Exam Set 2024

zoology

zoology

the study of animals

Cephalization

concentration of sense organs and nerve cells at the front of an animal's body

parasite

organism that lives on or in another critter at the expense of that another

free-living

Organisms that do not depend on one particular organism for food or a place to live.

Dorsal

pertaining to the back

Ventral

belly side

Anterior

front of the body

Posterior

end of body (like butt end)

bilateral symmetry

Body plan in which only a single, imaginary line can divide the body into two equal halves.

dioecious

Having one type of gonads (ovaries or testes) in each individual

Monecious

Having both types of gonads (ovaries and testes) in each individual

sexual reproduction

The combining egg and sperm to produce a novel genetic makeup in the offspring

asexual reproduction

Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself and makes identical offspring

Herbivore

A consumer that eats only plants.

Omnivore

An animal that eats both plants and animals

Carnivore

A consumer that eats animal flesh.

nocturnal

active at night

diurnal

active during the day

Crepuscular

active at dawn and dusk

edge habitat

The transition zone between two different habitat types. Like when prairie meets the forest.

riparian habitat

A type of wildlife habitat found along the bank of a river,stream,lake or other body of water.

gregarious

outgoing; sociable species

carrion

decaying flesh

cache

animal storing food

Excretion

Process by which nitrogenous wastes are eliminated from the body

cross-fertilization

The fusion of sperm and egg from two different individuals.

self-fertilization

fertilization in which both egg and sperm come from the same animal

nephridia

organs that remove metabolic wastes from an animal's body

Ganglia

primitive brain

Gonads

ovaries and testes

Gametes

sperm or eggs

gastro

stomach

pod

foot

cephalo

head

arthro

joint

Pinworms

spread by ingesting eggs, lay eggs on anus at night, common in children

Hookworms

a type of parasite. Usually enter the body through bare feet and move through the body to the small intestines where they attach themselves with a series of hooks around their mouths.

Guinea worm

enters the human through ingestion of eggs, female lives in muscle for a year, causes burning sensation as she emerges to lay eggs in water.

Filariasis

• A parasite in mosquitoes that blocks the lymphatic duct
• Causes elephantiasis (b/c there is 1% of fluid left in interstitial fluid)
• Swelling occurs after many yrs.

River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

- Infection by a nematode or roundworm, is transmitted to humans by the bite of black flies
- These worms spread through the body and can cause itching and eventual blindness

Heart worms

nematode, spread by mosquito bites, that lives in the ventricles of dog heart

Flukes

One of a group of parasitic flatworms that can control the behavior of the host

Malaria

A disease caused by mosquitoes implanting parasites in the blood.

West Nile Virus

A virus that lives in hundreds of species of birds and is transmitted among birds by mosquitoes.

Yellow fever virus

Hepatitis-causing virus spread by mosquitoes in tropical S. America and Africa

plague

Bacterial disease spread by flea bites

Mantle

layer of tissue in the mollusk that creates a shell, or a pearl

siphon

tubelike structure through which water enters and leaves a mollusk's body

foot

part of mollusk that moves the animal

gills

organs that exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with water

Chromatophores

pigment cells that change the color of an organism, allowing it to camouflage

Pheromones

Chemical signals released by an animal that communicate information and affect the behavior of other animals of the same species.

Biomimicry

learning from ecosystems and adapting their characteristics to human and organizational situations.

heart

Organ that pumps blood to other parts of the body

Mouth

opening for eating food

intestines

Organ that digests food and absorbs nutrients

Arthropods

A group of organisms that have jointed appendages, an exoskeleton, bilateral symmetry, and reproduce sexually; insects, arachnids, millipedes and cenitpedes, and crustaceans

Chitin

Polysaccharide found in arthropod exoskeletons.

Merostomata

class of horseshoe crabs. They are collected for their blue blood which is used in making sure that vaccines are safe from bacteria.

Diplopoda

Class of millipedes

Chilopoda

class of centipedes

Insecta

Class of insects. Three body parts, compound eyes, six legs, ability to fly.

Crustacea

a large class of arthropods, including crayfish, shrimp, barnacles, crabs and lobsters

Spiracles

breathing tubes of insects located on abdomen

Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever

bacteria that is spread by tick bites
makes little spotted rash

Lyme disease

Tick-borne disease caused by the spirochete
bullseye rash and chronic pain

Cephalopoda

squid, octopus, cuttlefish, nautilus- all have well developed eyes, brains, and are intelligent

Bivalvia

The class of the phylum Mollusca that includes clams, oysters, and mussels.

Gastropoda (class)

Mollusca

slugs, snails, nudibranchs- includes cone snails which are venomous

Vector

The animal that spreads a disease (like a mosquito)

Pathogen

a bacterium, virus, or other microorganism protozoan that can cause disease.

Dengue Fever

A viral disease, spread by mosquitoes, that is characterized by extreme bone and muscle pain.

Wolbachia

a genus of bacteria which infects arthropod species, and when introduced to a mosquito it can reduce fertility and reduce the spread of Dengue, Zika, and possibly other viruses.

invasive species

species that enter new ecosystems and multiply, harming native species and their habitats

venomous

a characteristic of being able to inject a toxic substance into another critter.

Zebra Mussel

a small freshwater bivalve mollusk with zigzag markings on the shell, sometimes becoming a pest because it blocks water pipes.

drone bee

male bee usually does not collect pollen, their job is to mate with the queen

queen bee

the only reproductive female in the hive, and her only function is to reproduce

worker bee

nonreproductive females that make up the vast majority of the hive population; collect nectar, pollen, build comb, clean, and care for the queen. perform all the duties of the hive except reproduction.

Neonicotinoid pesticides

an insecticide that kills insects and does not degrade in the environment. May be responsible for Colony Collapse Disorder.

Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD)

is a phenomenon in which worker bees from a beehive abruptly disappear. The term was first applied to a drastic rise in the number of disappearances of Western honey bee colonies in North America in late 2006. It is significant economically because many agricultural crops worldwide are pollinated by bees; and ecologically, because of the major role that bees play in the reproduction of plant communities in the wild.

Varroa Mite

External parasite of the honey bee, feed on blood, damage tissue and shorten life.

Arachnida (class)

spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions

Stereotypy Behavior

Abnormal repetitive movements found in captive animals (pacing, licking objects)

Play

roughhousing by animals

seeking

The basic impulse to search, investigate, and make sense of the environment

care

maternal love or affection for another individual

Lust

Sexual desire

Panic

Separation anxiety. Emotion shown when separated from mother, herd, or flock.

Fear

Feeling when threatened physically or mentally.

rage

Explosive behavior that evolved from being held by a predator

Radula

An organ covered with teeth that mollusks use to scrape food into their mouths

exoskeleton of arthropods

a stiff, water-resistant outer coat composed of chitin.

Head, thorax, abdomen

3 body parts of an insect

spermatophore

packet of sperm

Worker caste

blind, sterile termites that build the tunnels, feed the queen, and tend to the colony

comb (honeycomb)

a structure of rows of hexagonal wax cells, formed by bees in their hive for the storage of honey, pollen, and their eggs.

auditory communication

communication through sound waves

Visual communication

Form of communication between animals using their bodies, includes various forms of display

Chemical communication

communication through the use of chemical signals, such as pheramones