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Approximately three-fourths of the world's industrial production is concentrated in four regions. Which of the following is not one of these four regions?
a- Eastern North America
b- Eastern Europe
c- Northwestern Europe
d- East Asia
e- Eastern South America
e- Eastern South America
The Industrial Revolution began in
a- Great Britain.
b- Japan.
c- Russia.
d- the United States.
e- the Fertile Crescent.
a- Great Britain.
The Industrial Revolution began in
a- the late 1500s.
b- the late 1600s.
c- the late 1700s.
d- the late 1800s.
e- the late 1900s.
c- the late 1700s.
Prior to the Industrial Revolution, industry was
a- clustered.
b- concentrated.
c- dispersed.
d- randomly distributed.
e- located in colonies.
c- dispersed.
The cottage industry system involved manufacturing
a- of hand-made luxury goods.
b- in the home.
c- of steam engines.
d- in small factories.
e- cheeses and pastries.
b- in the home.
The main source of power for steam engines and blast ovens is produced from
a- coal.
b- dross.
c- iron ore.
d- wood.
e- biomass fuels.
a- coal.
The most important transportation improvement in the eighteenth century was the
a- canal.
b- automobile.
c- railroad.
d- steam engine.
e- horse collar.
a- canal.
The first industries to increase production through extensive use of the steam engine were
a- iron and chemical.
b- copper and textile.
c- textile and iron.
d- transport and steel.
e- transport and chemical.
c- textile and iron.
The United Kingdom expanded industrial production in the late twentieth century
a- in textiles and steel production.
b- with high-tech industries to serve the European market.
c- with former colonial members of the Commonwealth.
d- with cheap immigrant labor from former colonies.
e- in northwestern rural sites.
b- with high-tech industries to serve the European market.
Western Europe's principal industrial areas include all but which of the following?
a- United Kingdom
b- the Rhine-Rhur valley
c- the Mid-Rhine
d- Northern Italy
e- Portugal and Western Spain
e- Portugal and Western Spain
A copper concentration mill tends to locate near a copper ine because it is a
a- bulk-reducing industry.
b- perishable industry.
c- bulk-gaining industry.
d- specialized manufacturer.
e- fabrication concentration point.
a- bulk-reducing industry.
Fabricating plants are examples of bulk-gaining industries because
a- the mills are near the mines.
b- separate parts are combined to make more complex and massive products.
c- refineries import most material from other countries.
d- parts suppliers package shipments in bulk containers.
e- parts suppliers supply components with just-in-time management.
b- separate parts are combined to make more complex and massive products.
Situation costs are ciritcal to a firm which wishes to
a- avoid labor unions.
b- minimize production costs inside the plant.
c- minimize transportation costs.
d- identify unique characteristics of a particular location.
e- find an ideal climate.
c- minimize transportation costs.
Among the surviving steel plants in the United States, production concentrated in the southern Lake Michigan area has increased its share of national production, primarily because of access to
a- government subsidies.
b- cheap labor.
c- markets.
d- raw materials.
e- fluid capital.
c- markets.
Producers of automobiles select locations primarily because of access to
a- government subsidies.
b- labor.
c- markets.
d- raw materials.
e- fluid capital.
c- markets.
Since 1980, new U.S. automobile assembly plants have been built in the
a- Midwest, to minimize national distribution costs.
b- Northwest, to minimize access to the largest market.
c- Sunbelt, to minimize labor costs.
d- West, to minimize access to Japan.
e- Southeast to avoid winter production cost.
a- Midwest, to minimize national distribution costs.
The lowest-cost form of transporting goods very long distances is by
a- truck.
b- train.
c- boat.
d- airplane.
e- ox cart.
c- boat.
A company which uses more than one mode of transport will often locate near
a- break-of-bulk points.
b- consumers.
c- raw materials.
d- suburbs.
e- abundant energy supply.
a- break-of-bulk points.
Beer bottling is an example of a
a- perishable industry.
b- specialized industry.
c- bulk-gaining industry.
d- communications-oriented industry.
e- labor intensive industry.
c- bulk-gaining industry.
Minimills are more likely than integrated steel mills to select locations because of access to
a- government subsidies.
b- labor.
c- markets.
d- raw materials.
e- fluid capital.
c- markets.
Significant site factors include all but which of the following?
a- capital
b- labor
c- land
d- transportation
e- both land and transportation
d- transportation
Which of these industries is most dependent on low-cost labor?
a- automotive
b- electronics
c- steel
d- textile
e- fabricated machinery
d- textile
Compared to other industries, aluminum manufacturers are more likely to locate near sources of
a- low-cost labor.
b- low-cost land.
c- low-cost energy.
d- aluminum oxide.
e- fluid capital.
c- low-cost energy.
Which production is more likely to be located in more developed countries?
a- cotton yarn
b- fabric
c- women's blouses
d- cotton yarn and fabric
e- All are equally likely.
c- women's blouses
The average wage in MDCs compared to the average wage in LDCs is about
a- four times larger.
b- three times larger.
c- six times larger.
d- two times larger.
e- the same.
a- four times larger.
__________ has the largest labor force employed in manufacturing, with around one-fourth of the world's manufacturing workers.
a- China
b- India
c- Mexico
d- Brazil
e- Russia
a- China
The site factor most affecting the relocation of industry in the twenty-first century is __________.
a- capital
b- land
c- labor
d- proximity to markets
e- access to raw materials
c- labor
Contemporary factories operate more efficiently when laid out in one-story buildings. The land needed to build one-story factories is now more likely to be available in
a- close proximity to raw materials.
b- close proximity to a power plant.
c- the central business district.
d- suburban or rural locations.
e- big cities or urban locations.
d- suburban or rural locations.
The most important factor in the clustering of high-tech industries in California's Silicon Valley was the availability of
a- skilled labor.
b- capital.
c- raw materials.
d- educational resources.
e- cheap land.
b- capital.
____________ and __________ have become the dominant fabric producers, counting for nearly 90 percent of the world's woven cotton fabric production.
a- China, India
b- Mexico, Bangladesh
c- Sri Lanka, Indonesia
d- Brazil, Malaysia
e- England, the United States
a- China, India
Both Europe and the United States have seen interregional shifts of manufacturing, but one difference is
a- in the United States, government policies have encouraged relocation.
b- in Europe, government policies have encouraged relocation.
c- concentration in Europe and diffusion in the United States.
d- concentration in the United States and diffusion in Europe.
e- movement to the west in Europe and to the east in the United States.
b- in Europe, government policies have encouraged relocation.
The U.S. Gulf Coast has become an important industrial area because of
a- sea food procesing.
b- just-in-time inventory management.
c- proximity to markets.
d- access to fuild capital.
e- access to oil and natural gas.
e- access to oil and natural gas.
What Western European country has experienced the most rapid manufacturing growth since the late twentieth century?
a- Denmark
b- Germany
c- France
d- Italy
e- Spain
e- Spain
Steel production has declined during the 1980s and 1990s most rapidly in
a- Europe.
b- Japan.
c- Russia.
d- the United States.
e- China.
d- the United States.
Central Europe offers an attractive combination of important site and situation factors:
a- less skilled but cheaper labor than Western Europe.
b- more expensive but much more skilled labor than Asia and Latin America.
c- proximity to markets.
d- less skilled but cheaper labor than Western Europe AND more expensive but much more skilled labor than Asia and Latin America.
e- all of the above.
e- all of the above.
What two location factors influence industries to remain in the northeastern United States and northwestern Europe?
a- global communications and fluid capital
b- cheap labor and high consumer demand
c- availability of raw materials and cheap energy
d- fluid capital and advantageous tariffs
e- skilled labor and rapid delivery to market
e- skilled labor and rapid delivery to market
In contrast to fordist production, Post-Fordist production is more likely to
a- introduce more flexible work rules.
b- place more importance on site factors.
c- assign each worker one task.
d- dominate transnational corporations.
e- require larger inventories of parts and components.
a- introduce more flexible work rules.
Spreading parts production and fabrication among many countries and communities
a- increases proximity to markets.
b- increases large corporations bargaining power with local governmens and labor.
c- decreases the unequal distribution of industry.
d- leaves unmet consumer demand.
e- reduces transportation distances.
b- increases large corporations bargaining power with local governmens and labor.
The U.S. government distinguishes beween foreign and domestic cars
a- for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to measure fuel efficiency.
b- for the U.S. Department of Treasury Customs Serive to set tariffs.
c- for informing customers under the American Automobile Labeling Act.
d- all of the above
e- none of the above
d- all of the above
Maintaining controll over all phases of a highly complex production process is known as
a- verticle integration.
b- the new international division of labor.
c- convergence.
d- right-to-work.
e- horizontal integration.
a- verticle integration.
The total value of the output of goods and services in a year in a country is its
a- gross national income.
b- primary economic sector.
c- productivity index.
d- value added.
e- gross domestic product.
e- gross domestic product.
An example of a primary sector activity is
a- education.
b- manufacturing.
c- banking.
d- retailing.
e- mining.
e- mining.
Processing of computer information is an example of which sector of the economy?
a- sixth percentile
b- primary and secondary
c- primary
d- tertiary
e- the data sector
d- tertiary
The secondary sector of the economy includes which of the following?
a- data processing
b- mining
c- government
d- construction
e- banking
d- construction
In MDCs, employment is increasing more rapidly in which of the following sectors?
a- farming
b- primary
c- secondary
d- tertiary
e- fishing
d- tertiary
The value of a product minus the costs of raw materials and energy is
a- gross domestic product.
b- productivity.
c- tertiary sector analysis.
d- market value.
e- value added.
e- value added.
Compared to less developed countries, more developed countries have higher rates of
a- literacy.
b- childhood mortality.
c- infectious disease.
d- illiteracy.
e- environmental pollution.
a- literacy.
People are more productive in more developed countries because they
a- work harder.
b- have access to more technology.
c- have a low amount of value added per person.
d- are consistently better educated.
e- understand their jobs better than workers in less developed countries.
b- have access to more technology.
Even though a higher percentage of GDP is spent on education in less developed countries,
a- more women than men have access to education in LDCs.
b- LDCs spend less per pupil than MDCs.
c- LDCs have smaller average class sizes than MDCs.
d- literacy rates are higher in urban areas of LDCs than in many MDCs.
e- levels of educational attainment are higher in LDCs.
b- LDCs spend less per pupil than MDCs.
Which of the following is an indicator of a country's level of development?
a- the number of millionaires
b- the number of newspapers
c- crude death rate
d- natural death rate
e- natural increase rate
e- natural increase rate
All of the following are considered more developed regions except
a- Western Europe.
b- North America.
c- Southwest Asia and North Africa.
d- Europe.
e- Australia and New Zealand.
The major economic asset of the Russian region is
a- its oil reserves.
b- diversified industrial manufacturing.
c- the production of consumer goods.
d- the development of tertiary industries.
e- Asia's greatest levels of agricultural productivity.
a- its oil reserves.
Southwest Asia and North Africa may become more developed primarily because of what characteristic?
a- Islamic religious principles
b- desert climate
c- dictatorships
d- democratic reforms
e- abundant petroleum reserves
e- abundant petroleum reserves
Population density was traditionally low in North Africa because of
a- its dry climate.
b- Dutch colonial activity.
c- its low fertility rates.
d- its high arithmetic density.
e- its wet climate.
a- its dry climate.
The highest levels of development within Latin America are generally found in
a- coastal areas.
b- Central America.
c- the interior of South America.
d- the Caribbean islands.
e- the countries on the Caribbean coast of South America.
a- coastal areas.
Development prospects are limited in some North African countries because of
a- the lack of colonization and trade with Europe.
b- their limited reserves of petroleum.
c- overworked agricultural land and declining output.
d- poor leadership.
e- the great amount of petroleum controlled by OPEC.
b- their limited reserves of petroleum.
Japan's principal asset for promoting development was
a- a favorable ratio of population to resources.
b- high physiological density.
c- extensive supplies of critical raw materials.
d- easy access to established Asian markets.
e- an abundant supply of labor.
e- an abundant supply of labor.
The less developed region with the highest percentage of people living in urban areas is
a- East Asia.
c- Latin America.
d- the Middle East.
e- South Asia.
c- Latin America.
In the decades following the 1949 Communist victory in the civil war, the Chinese people were subjected to increasing amounts of all but which of the following?
a- emphasis on rural life
b-fear of famine
c- control of agricultural land
d- government assignment of specific tasks to farmers
e- distribution of food according to need
b-fear of famine
Agricultural output in South Asia each year depends primarily on the
a- diffusion of miracle seeds.
b- arrival of the monsoons.
c- price of coconut oil
d- price of jute.
e- ratio between population and resources.
b- arrival of the monsoons.
