ELA Test

Exposition

background information introducing setting and characters

Rising Action

events that build tension and develop the conflict

Climax

turning point where the main conflict is decided

Falling Action

events after the climax showing consequences

Resolution

final outcome where the conflict is settled

Denouement

final wrap‑up or explanation at the end

Internal Conflict

struggle within a character

External Conflict

struggle with outside forces

First Person

narrator is a character using "I"

Third Person Limited

narrator knows thoughts of one character

Third Person Omniscient

narrator knows thoughts of all characters

Third Person Objective

narrator reports actions and dialogue only

Protagonist

main character

Antagonist

force opposing the protagonist

Static Character

character who does not change

Dynamic Character

character who changes significantly

Verbal Irony

saying the opposite of what you mean

Situational Irony

outcome is opposite of what's expected

Dramatic Irony

audience knows something characters don't

Theme

what the story says about a topic; the message

Symbolism

objects or details representing deeper ideas

Tone

author's attitude

Mood

reader's emotional feeling

Foreshadowing

hints about future events

Flashback

a scene set earlier in time

Imagery

descriptive language appealing to the senses

Motif

repeated element supporting the theme

Allusion

reference to another work, event, or figure