A&P Chapter 1

abdominal

stomach

acromial

collarbone

axillary

armpit

brachial

upper arm

carpal

wrist

cervical

neck

coxal

hip

crural

lower leg

digital

fingers/toes

femoral

upper leg

inguinal

groin

nasal

nose

oral

mouth

pubic

genitals

sternal

breastbone

tarsal

ankle

throacic

chest

umbilical

belly button

calcaneal

heel

cephalic

head

gluteal

butt

lumber

lower back

popliteal

back of knee

sacral

base of spine

scapular

shoulder blade

vertebral

spinal column

superior

above

inferior

below

anterior

toward front

posterior

toward back

medial

toward midline

lateral

away midline

proximal

closer to attachment

distal

away point attachment

superficial

closer to surface

deep

further from surface

caudal

toward tail

rostral

toward nose

cephalic

toward head

sagittal plane

vertically into R/L

frontal

vertically into F/B

transverse

horizonally into T/B

abdominopelvic cavity

divides from anterior cavity, houses abdominal and pelvic viscera

anabolism

assembling bigger molecules

anatomy

studies the form and composition of the body’s structures

anterior cavity

largest cavity, includes serous membrane lined pleural cavities for lungs, pericardial cavity for heart, and peritoneal cavity for abdominal and pelvic organs

catabolism

breaking down molecules

CT

computed tomography, computer enhances cross sectional X rays

control center

compares values to normal range, activates effector

cranial cavity

houses brain, division of posterior cavity

development

changes an organism goes through during its life (differentiation, maturation, etc)

differentiation

unspecialized cells become specialized

posterior cavity

houses brain and spinal cord

effector

organ that can cause a change in a value

gross anatomy

study of larger structures. with eye

growth

process of increasing in size

MRI

magnetic resonance imaging, device generates a magnetic field to get sectional images of internal structures

metabolism

sum of all of the body’s chemical reactions

microscopic anatomy

study of small structures using magnification

negative feedback

homeostasis mechanism, stabilize an upset in condition, a reversal

organ

distinct structure with 2+ tissue types

organ system

group of organs that work together to carry out a particular function

pericardium

sac/serous membrane/serosa that encloses the heart

peritoneum

serous membrane that lines abdominopelvic cavity

pleura

serous membrane that lines the pleural cavity, lungs

positive feedback

mechanism that intensifies a change

PET

positron emission tomography, radiopharmaceuticals are traced to reveal metabolic and physiological functions in tissues

prone

face down

regional anatomy

study of structures that contribute to specific body regions

renewal

process of worn out cells being replaced

responsiveness

ability of an organism or system to adjust to changes in conditions

sensor

aka receptor, reports a monitors physiological value to control center

serosa

membrane that covers organs and reduces friction, aka serous membrane

supine

face up

thoracic cavity

division of anterior cavity that houses the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea

tissue

group of similar or closely related cells that act together to perform a specific function

ultrasonography

application of ultrasonic waves to visualize subcutaneous body structures

X ray

high energy electromagnetic radiation with short wavelength

integumentary system

hair, skin, nails (sensory, encloses)

skeletal system

cartilage, bones, joints (supports body and movement)

muscular system

muscles and tendons (body temp and movement)

nervous system

brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous (processes sensors)

endocrine system

pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, testes/ovaries (hormones and bodily processes)

cardiovascular system

heart, blood vessels (oxygen and nutrients to tissue)

lymphatic system

thymus, lymph nodes, spleen, lymphatic vessels (fluid to blood, fights pathogens)

respiratory system

nasal passage, trachea, lungs (removes CO₂, oxygen to blood)

digestive system

stomach, liver, gall bladder, intestines (removes waste)

urinary system

kidneys, urinary bladder (water control)

male reproductive system

epididymis, testes

female reproductive system

mammary glands, ovaries, uterus

Five primary human functions

responsiveness, development, growth, reproduction, movement

development

differentiation and new cells

growth

all changes body goes through in life

how hypothermia kills

red blood cells cannot give up oxygen

purpose of atmospheric pressure

keeps gases in/dissolved, needed for ATP

feedback loop

stimulus, sensor, control, effector, response

Learn 9 stomach regions

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