BIO TEST 1

7 Characteristics of life

1. order

2. energy processing

3. evolutionary adaptation

4. growth and development

5. response to the environment

6. regulation

7. reproduction

5 themes of life

1. organization

2. information

3. energy and matter

4. interactions

5. evolution

10 levels of biological organization

1. biosphere

biome can go here

1. ecosystem (living and nonliving)

2. community (same area)

3. population (same species)

4. organism (multicellular)

5. organ system

6. organ

7. tissue

8. cell

9. molecules

structure and function are often

corrolated

what is genomics

a field of molecular biology that studies the structure, function, and mapping of genomes. It involves analyzing genetic material to understand genetic variation and interactions.

emergent properties definition

characteristics that a complex system has, but the individual parts do not have on their own

cell

the basic structural, functional, and biological unit of all living organisms

what do all cells share?

DNA

3 research developments in genomics

1. high thougtput tech tools (can synthesize lots of information fast)

2. Bio informatics (storing this info on computers)

3. interdiciplinary research teams

What is a fundamental characteristic of life?

transformation of energy

Feedback and self-regulation

output regulates process

negative feedback

response regulates stimulus

positive feedback

end product speeds up its own reaction

what is a core theme of biology?

EVOLUTION!

3 domains

1. bacteria

2. archaea

3. eukarya

6 kingdoms

1. Archaebacteria,

2. Eubacteria,

3. Protista,

4. Fungi,

5. Plantae,

6. Animalia

darwin’s two points

1. Decent with modification

2. natural selectio

darwin’s three observations

1. populations vary in heritable traits

2. more babies than can survive

3. species are suited to their environments

Characteristics of the linnaean system

1700s.

Para/polyphyletic.

No evolution.

KPCOFGS.

Generic to specific.

Categories.

Can be based on analogous structures/convergent evolution.

Broad groups.

Inspired Darwin

Characteristics of cladistics

based off homologous traits.

Tree branches.

Monophyletic.

1950s.

Clade.

Based on specific divergent traits.

Dominant form of taxonomy.

No large groups groups.

Focuses on descent from common ancestors

why is it important to name organisms?

safety, clarity, geography, general info, commerce/trade

Experimental process

1. Making observations

2. making hypothesis

3. testing them

observations

describe processes.

measure things.

Can shape understanding.

Data equals recorded observations

inductive reasoning

generalizations from observations

deductive reasoning

expected results from general premises.

hypotheses

if, then statements.

Want to make experiments to test all hypotheses

Can never prove a hypothesis

quantitative vs qualitative data

quantitative is numbers and qualitative is descriptions

3 aspects of experiments

1. Reasons and exposure to ask questions.

2. Community analysis and feedback

3. Society

variables

factors that vary in an experiment

controlled experiments

compare experimental group with control group (they should only differ in the tested factor)

Independent variable

the variable that is changed

Dependent variable

the variable that is measured

Theories versus hypothesis

Scientific theories are broader and scope and hypothesis theories are supported by large quantities of evidence and our general enough to generate more hypotheses

Model organisms

organisms that are easy to grow in a lab and are widely tested all examples being mice and flies

Why do scientist work in teams?

scientist were in team so they can look from different angles and make links across areas.

Repetition test results if experiments can't be repeated, then they have weakness

How does science reflect culture?

there are more women in stem now, 50% of students although they're not as many in higher levels