era 4 random q

@Dinan_Elsyad from quizlet

modern location of ottoman empire

iran + turkey

primary locations of judaism

europe and the middle east

primary locations of christianity

europe and the middle east

primary locations of islam

parts of asia, africa, and southern europe

primary locations of hinduism

india and parts of the southeast

primary locations of buddhism

east and southeast asia

identify regions linked, goods traded, and ideas transported along \n \n the silk road

\-linked europe and asia \n \n -Ideologies: Buddhism, Christianity, and Islam \n \n -Goods/Services: secrets of printing, silk, paper, gunpowder

identify regions linked, goods traded, and ideas transported along \n \n the trans saharan trade route

\-linked the different parts of africa, and europe \n \n -ideology: islam \n \n -goods/services: merchant communities

identify regions linked, goods traded, and ideas transported along the \n \n North Europe to Black Sea

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\-links europe, east asia, and northern Africa \n \n -ideology: christianity and catholicism \n \n -goods/services: grain, spices, cotton, wool, tobacco, coal

identify regions linked, goods traded, and ideas transported along \n \n South China Sea and lands of Southeast Asia

\-links China, Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia \n \n -ideology: Buddhism \n \n -goods/services: textiles, silk, porcelain, paper, compass

identify regions linked, goods traded, and ideas transported along \n \n Maritime routes across Indian ocean

\-links africa, middle east, india, china \n \n -idealogy: hinduism \n \n -goods/services: spices, textiles, lateen sail, new crops, wood

identify regions linked, goods traded, and ideas transported along \n \n Western European sea and river trade

links: africa and europe \n \n ideology: islam and christianity/catholicism \n \n goods and services: gold

What technological and scientific advancements had been made and exchanged from the East to the West by 1500 A.D. (C.E.)

Guns (because of gunpowder empires)

* The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires are called the Gunpowder Empires because they had strong military powers that utilized gunpowder and innovative artillery. That successfully helped them to expand and protect their territory.

How did Chinese and Arab science influence later European scientific advancements?

**The four Great Inventions of ancient China: the compass, gunpowder, paper making, and printing. The Arabs invented and developed algebra and made great strides in trigonometry.**

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Returned greek and roman science \n Roman Numerals

Members of the ___________ family were important bankers in Italy and dominated politics in Florence.

Medici

(True or False) During the Reformation the Hapsburg family and the authority of the Holy Roman Empire continued to support the Roman Catholic Church.

True

What war within the Holy Roman Empire pitted the Catholics and Protestants against each other during the 1600's?

Thirty Years' War

Why did the Catholic French aid the Protestants in this war and what man promoted this policy?

**To keep the Hapsburgs in power, Cardinal Richelieu**

The Reformation contributed to the rise of (socialism or capitalism)

Capitalism

What document gave the Protestant Huguenots freedom of worship within France?

Edict of Nantes

During the English Civil, those troops who supported the King were called_______ while Cromwell's forces were called ____________.

Cavaliers/Royalists; \n \n Roundheads/Parliamentary forces

Oliver Cromwell defeated the forces of which English king?

King Charles I

After the death of Cromwell, which Stuart king took the throne in what was called the Restoration?

King Charles II

_________and _________ were put on the English throne as a result of the Glorious Revolution.

William of Orange (the Dutch leader); \n \n Mary (his wife and James II's daughter)

T/F - Parliamentary power was increased over royal power as a result of the Glorious Revolution.

True

Identify major developments in western culture during the Late Middle Ages.

Decline of church power \n \n New monarchies \n \n Centralization of states

Identify three major Italian cities that had access to the sea lanes connecting Europe with Middle Eastern markets.

Pisa, Venice, and Genoa

Why did Henry VIII separate from the Roman Catholic Church? What changes did he make to the religion?

\-the church would not annul his marriage, which he wanted to annul because his current wife was not giving him any male heirs \n \n -he made a change declaring the King, and not the pope, as the only supreme head

Identify the accomplishments (military, political, religious) of Elizabeth I.

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Defeated spanish armada \n \n Practiced moderate protestantism to keep everyone happy \n \n Moderate in foreign policy \n \n Balanced power between Spain & France

What specific actions did the Roman Catholic Church take during the Catholic or Counter Reformation

The Roman Catholic Church established a new religious order called the Jesuits, reformed the papacy, and called the Council of Trent.

How did national identity play a role in the Reformation?

After treaty of Augsburg, it was said that whatever religion is, it is determined by your country.

In what way did the commercial revolution of the sixteenth century change the social structure in Western Europe?

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A LOT more trade, so merchants became more intense while the importance of artisans and peasants died out.

Explain connections between the Scientific Revolution and earlier ideas.

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\-earlier on, they made lots of observations about nature, which the scientific revolution found facts to explain

copernicus

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developed the heliocentric theory

Tycho Brahe

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made measurements of the planets and stars before the invention of the telescope, hired Kepler as an assistant.

Johannes Kepler

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discovered planetary motion (basing his work on Brahe's data)

William Harvey

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discovered circulation of blood

Galileo Galilei

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used the telescope to support heliocentric theory

Isaac Newton

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discovered laws of gravity

Ben Franklin

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discovered that lightning is electricity

Antoine Lavoisier

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Father of modern chemistry, named oxygen and hydrogen

Explain the cultural significance of the "Scientific Revolution". For example, how did attitudes toward nature, religion, and the future of society begin to change?

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Religion became less prominent in science while nature became a focus.

How was the absolute monarchy of the seventeenth century different from political forms of the Middle Ages?

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Follows religious conflict \n \n Established a monopoly on violence \n \n Controlled justice & enforcement of law \n \n Increased control over economic life \n \n Sense of legitimacy \n \n Patriotic allegiance

How did monarchs maintain religious uniformity within their countries?

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though a strong army, persecution, or other threats

Peter the Great

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Russia, westernized Russia

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Louis XIV

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France, Palace of Versailles as a symbol of royal power

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Frederick the Great

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Prussia, emphasis on military power

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Catherine the Great

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Russia, expansion of borders

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Elizabeth I

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England, promoted Protestantism

What political, economic, and religious developments in 17th century England worked against Charles I, and led to his downfall. Address both his actions and those developments beyond his control.

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Accepted the Petition of Rights but later ignored it due to his belief in the Divine Right of Kings \n \n English civil war in 1642 between the Cavaliers and the Roundheads \n \n Purge of Parliament resulting in Rump Parliament \n \n Cromwell's New Model Army

Identify three policies (social or political) that made Oliver Cromwell unpopular?

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Executing Charles I \n \n Dispersing Rump Parliament \n \n Setting up a military dictatorship in England

Identify two specific rights established by the English Bill of Rights.

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Parliament's right to make laws and levy taxes \n \n The right of citizens to bear arms and have jury trials

How did the English Civil War and the Glorious Revolution promote the development of the rights of Englishmen?

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Parliamentarians vs Royalists \n \n Manner of english \n governance \n -More lenient, but less parliament centered and less gov't centered

Cossacks

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people of southern Russia and Ukraine, noted for their horsemanship and military skill

Time of Troubles

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a period of anarchy in Russia after Ivan the Terrible's dynasty

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Romanov dynasty

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the family of rulers descended from Michael Romanov

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Ivan the Terrible

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first ruler to take the title of czar

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Peter the Great (desc)

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one of the most prominent rulers of the Romanov dynasty, absolute monarch who claimed the divine right to rule

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Catherine the Great (desc)

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tsar after Peter the Great

In what ways were the policies of Westernization undertaken by Peter the Great and Catherine the Great more appearance than substance?

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Catherine kind of messed up the social structure (how?) and so did Peter, so they were not that useful

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Ottoman Empire - (time,location)

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Anatolia, balkans, egypt, levant, north africa (essentially the old Eastern Roman Empire's domain) \n

1300's to end of World War I (1918).

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Mughal Empire - (time,location)

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Northern India, expanded to almost all of india. 1526 - 1707

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Safavid Empire - (time, location)

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Persia. They kinda sucked. 1501 - 1722

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Mehmed II

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conqueror of Constantinopolis

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Siege of Vienna

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1688

Janissaries

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Ottoman infantry divisions that dominated the Ottoman armies; forcibly conscripted as boys in conquered areas of Balkans, legally slaves; translated military service into political influence

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Vizier

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Ottoman equivalent of the Abbasid wazir; head of the Ottoman bureaucracy; after 5th century, often more powerful than sultan

Suleyman the Magnificent

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ottoman sultan known for conquering most of Hungary and invading Vienna

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Babur

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Founder of Mughal dynasty in India; descended from Turkic warriors; first led invasion of India in 1526; died in 1530

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Sati

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ritual in India of immolating surviving widows with the bodies of their deceased husbands (aka cremating her body on her husband's funeral pyre)

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Taj Mahal

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Most famous architectural achievement of Mughal India; originally built as a mausoleum for the wife of Shah Jahan, Mumtaz Mahal

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Shi'ite Islam

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the Shia sect of Islam, who believe that Ali was appointed by God to be Muhammad's first true successor and caliph

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Sunni Islam

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the Sunni sect of Islam, who believe that Muhammad had no rightful heir and that the religious leader should be elected

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What were the three Muslim Gunpowder Empires of the 1500s?

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Ottoman Empire, Safavid Empire, Mogul (Mughal) Empire

The Ottoman Empire was originally located in Asia ___________ .

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Minor

The Ottoman Empire extended into what three continents?

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Europe, Asia, and Africa

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What city became the Ottoman capital, and what is it called today

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Constantinople; Istanbul

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(True or False) The Ottoman leadership used Islam as a unifying force but was relatively tolerant of religious diversity within their borders.

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True

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(True or False) The Ottoman Empire was a source of technological innovations including the astrolabe and lateen sail.

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False

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Who paid the Jizya within the Ottoman Empire?

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non-Muslims

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What was the name given to the elite Ottoman fighting force that was made up of young Christian boys taken from their families?

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janissaries

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What was the name of the large Shiite empire that often fought with the Ottoman Empire?

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Safavid Empire

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One of the most famous architectural accomplishments of the Mughal Empire was the construction of the Taj ___________.

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Mahal

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British merchants were very interested in what Indian trade items?

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cotton-made products

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Many European nations created trading posts ( along India's coast or in the Deccan Plateau)

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along India's coast

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Why was the Ottoman Empire able to expand so rapidly and maintain control over diverse areas for so long?

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G U N P O W D E R, used more advanced weapons

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Maghreb

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the arabic word for western North Africa

Henry VIII

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English king who created the Church of England after the Pope refused to annul his marriage (divorce with Church approval)

Anglican Church

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church that King Henry VIII of England creates so that he can marry and divorce as he pleases

Huguenots

French Protestants influenced by John Calvin

Inquisition

A Roman Catholic tribunal for investigating and prosecuting charges of heresy

Elizabeth I

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English Queen and politique who united Protestants and Catholics through compromise

Peace of Augsburg

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A treaty between Charles V and the German Protestant princes that granted legal recognition of Lutheranism in Germany.

Spanish Armada

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The great fleet sent from Spain against England by Philip II in 1588; defeated by the terrible winds and fire ships.

Edict of Nantes

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document that granted religious freedom to the Huguenots

Thirty Years’ War

Protestant rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire ends with peace of westpahlia.1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire.

Treaty of Westphalia

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Ended Thirty Years War in 1648; granted right to individual rulers within the Holy Roman Empire to choose their own religion-either Protestant or Catholic

Philip II

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Macedonian king who sought to unite Greece under his banner until his death or murder. He was succeeded by his son Alexander.

Cardinal Richelieu

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Chief minister of France who reduced the power of the nobles

Common Law

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A legal system based on custom and court rulings