Ch. 22 - The Respiratory System

Emphysema can result in an ______.

increased level of carbaminohemoglobin

increased level of deoxyhemoglobin

increased likelihood of the skin of Caucasians developing a slightly blue coloration

All of the listed responses are correct.

All of the listed responses are correct.

Which of the following stimuli is the most powerful respiratory stimulant to increase the rate and depth of respiration?

increased carbon dioxide levels

decreased body temperature

increased blood pH

slightly reduced oxygen levels in the blood

Increased carbon dioxide levels

Which of the following descriptions accurately describes Boyle's law?

The partial pressure of a gas in the air you breathe in is equal to the total atmospheric pressure times the fractional concentration of the gas.

How well a gas dissolves in a liquid such as blood depends on both its partial pressure and its solubility.

The pressure of gas in your lungs is inversely proportional to the volume in your lungs.

The pressure of gas in your lungs is inversely proportional to the volume in your lungs.

Which muscles, when contracted, would increase the volume of air in the thoracic cavity?

diaphragm and external intercostals

diaphragm and internal intercostals

internal intercostals and external oblique

Diaphragm and external intercostals

Which pressure is the result of the natural tendency of the lungs to decrease their size (because of elasticity) and the opposing tendency of the thoracic wall to pull outward and enlarge the lungs?

intrapleural pressure

intrapulmonary pressure

atmospheric pressure

Intrapleural pressure

During an allergic reaction, which of the following would aid respiration?

epinephrine

an increase in the parasympathetic nervous system

histamine

acetylcholine (ACh)

Epinephrine

If the transpulmonary pressure equals zero, what will happen to the lung?

lung volume will stay the same

lungs will inflate

lungs will collapse

Lungs will collapse

Quiet inspiration is __________, and quiet expiration is __________.

a passive process; an active process

an active process; a passive process

an active process; also an active process

a passive process; also a passive process

An active process; a passive process

Which form of CO₂ transport accounts for the least amount of CO₂ transported in blood?

as carbon monoxide in plasma

dissolved in plasma

chemically bound to hemoglobin

as bicarbonate ion in plasma

Dissolved in plasma

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal conchae?

filtering, heating, and moistening incoming air during inhalation

increasing the mucosal surface area exposed to air

reclaiming heat and moisture from expired air

routing air and food into proper channels

Routing air and food into proper channels

What type of epithelial tissue forms the walls of the alveoli?

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

simple squamous epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

simple cuboidal epithelium

Simple squamous epithelium

Which of the following arterial blood levels is the most powerful respiratory

stimulant?

arterial pH

low CO₂ level

rising CO₂ levels

low O₂ level

rising CO₂ levels

Which of the following initiate(s) inspiration?

pontine respiratory centers

dorsal respiratory group (DRG)

midbrain

ventral respiratory group (VRG)

ventral respiratory group (VRG)

Which of the following modifies and smoothes the respiratory pattern?

dorsal respiratory group (DRG)

pontine respiratory centers

diencephalon

ventral respiratory group (VRG)

pontine respiratory centers

Which of the following pressures must remain negative to prevent lung

collapse?

intrapulmonary pressure

intrapleural pressure

atmospheric pressure

transpulmonary pressure

Intrapleural pressure

Which of the following is the primary factor in oxygen's attachment to, or release from, hemoglobin?

partial pressure of carbon dioxide

partial pressure of oxygen

temperature

blood pH

Partial pressure of oxygen

According to this spirographic record, what is the total volume of exchangeable air for a normal male?

2400 milliliters

3600 milliliters

4800 milliliters

6000 milliliters

4800 milliliters

What is the most common method of carbon dioxide transport in the blood?

dissolved in the plasma

chemically bound to hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin

chemically bound to hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin

as bicarbonate ions in the plasma

As bicarbonate ions in the plasma

Which of the following pressures rises and falls with the phases of breathing but eventually equalizes with the pressure of the air in the environment?

transpulmonary pressure

intrapleural pressure

atmospheric pressure

intrapulmonary pressure

Intrapulmonary pressure

Hypocapnia causes ______.

the level of bicarbonate ions in the blood to rise

hypoxia

an increase in VRG activity

hyperventilation

Hypoxia

During Inhalation,

the diaphragm and rib muscles contract.

the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases.

air moves up the trachea.

the diaphragm relaxes.

The diaphragm and rib muscles contract.

From which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood?

Bronchi

Nose

Trachea

Alveoli

Alveoli

Which statement is correct?

Carbon dioxide diffuses from the alveoli into surrounding capillaries.

In the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells.

Oxygen diffuses from large blood vessels into the body's cells.

In the blood, oxygen is bound to hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells.

After blood becomes oxygenated,

it does not return to the heart, but goes directly to the lungs.

it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to the lungs.

it does not return to the heart, but goes to the nose and mouth.

it returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells.

It returns to the heart, and is then pumped to body cells.

Hemoglobin

has five subunits.

is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen.

is the site of cellular respiration.

is found in blood plasma.

Is a protein that can bind four molecules of oxygen.

Which of the following conditions or scenarios increases the respiratory rate?

alkalosis

an increase in the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood

acidosis

a drop in carbon dioxide levels in the blood

Acidosis

Which volumes are combined to provide the inspiratory capacity?

tidal volume (TV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), and residual volume (RV)

tidal volume (TV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), and expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

tidal volume (TV) and inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and residual volume (RV)

Tidal volume (TV) and inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

What is the most powerful respiratory stimulant in a healthy person?

arterial blood oxygen level

arterial blood carbon dioxide level

oxygen needs of cells

arterial blood pH

Arterial blood carbon dioxide level

Which of the following is not a physical factor that influences pulmonary

ventilation?

alveolar surface tension

partial pressure of oxygen in the air

airway resistance

lung compliance

Partial pressure of oxygen in the air

What is the primary form in which carbon dioxide is carried in blood?

as carbonic acid in plasma

chemically bound to hemoglobin

as a bicarbonate ion in plasma

dissolved in plasma

As a bicarbonate ion in plasma

What is the amount of air that is normally ventilated in one breath?

expiratory reserve volume

vital capacity

tidal volume

inspiratory reserve volume

Tidal volume