HLTH 125 Final Exam

What is step 1 of word deconstruction?

Break down the term into its word parts: prefix, word root/combining form, and suffix

What is step 2 of word deconstruction?

Rearrange the word parts, starting with the suffix to define the term

What is step 3 of word deconstruction?

Add any prefix that may be used in the term

What is step 4 of word deconstruction?

Add the word root/combining form, in the order they may appear in the term

What is step 5 of word deconstruction?

Define each word part

Which word part is the foundation of a constructed medical term?

Word root/combining form

Which word part comes at the beginning of a term and modifies the meaning of the term?

Prefix

Which word part comes at the end of a term and modifies the meaning of the term?

Suffix

Acute

A condition of sudden onset and relatively short in duration

Chronic

A long-term condition; generally, longer than 6 months; usually with an insidious (not necessarily noticeable) onset

Diagnosis

The identified cause or determined classification of a disease (ex. Flu, cancer)

Prognosis

The identified probably course/outcome of a disease (ex. Based on the aggressiveness nature of this disease and effectiveness of available treatments, you have two weeks to live

Infection

An invasion of the body by disease-producing microorganisms

Inflammation

Cellular and chemical reactions that occur in response to tissue injury, producing redness, heat, swelling, and pain

Contagion

The disease (ex. Measles, flu) or agent (virus, bacteria) that is transmitted

Pathogen

A disease-causing microorganisms (a bacterium, virus, fungus, parasite, prion, rickettsia, mycoplasma)

Sign

Objective physical evidence of a disease process; abnormal disease process that can be seen (lesions, skin erythema)

Symptom

Subjective evidence of a disease process, symptoms are felt, but not seen or observable (feeling itchy or feeling pain)

Incision

To surgically cut into a tissue or organ

Excision

To surgically cut out (surgical removal) part or all of a tissue or organ

Auscultation

The process of examining by listening to internal sounds of the body

Inspection

The purposeful, systematic visual observation to assess for signs of abnormalities, such as skin color, lesions or gait

Percussion

The action of tapping on body surfaces

Palpation

Feeling, touching or pressing (applying light or deep pressure) to assess for abnormalities (tenderness, temperature, texture, masses)

Homeostasis

Maintaining the stability of a body system or the body’s internal environment despite the influence of internal and external changes

Syndrome

A recognizable collection of symptoms, signs, or characteristics that occur together and indicate a specific condition or disease

Therapy

A treatment; a process or method used to treat a disease, dysfunction, or disorder (ex. Chemotherapy, physical therapy)

Cell

The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism

Tissue

A collection of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function

Organ

A body structure made up of two or more types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function

Organ system aka body system

A group of organs that work collectively to perform major systemic functions within the body

Metabolism

The chemical reactions occurring within the body that buildup or breakdown substances, which involve the transfer and use of energy; it is the sum of anabolism and catabolism

Catabolism

The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones

anabolism

The synthesis/buildup of complex molecules from simpler ones

Connective tissue

Supporting tissue of the body; this type of tissue binds, supports, protects, and fills spaces

Epithelial tissues

Covers the body’s surfaces and lines its cavities and organs

Muscle tissue

Tissue consisting of cells that contract; causes movement

Nervous tissue

Tissue that transmits electrical impulses (neurons) and its supporting cells (glial cells)

Cardiovascular system

Circulates blood around the body and transports nutritional substances and cellular waste

Endocrine system

Uses glands to secrete hormones or restrain hormone production to control the metabolic activities of the body

Hematic system

Develops the different types of blood cells (RBC, WBC, and platelets) and controls bleeding

Immune system

Protects body from foreign invaders (pathogens and antigens) and helps the body heal from infections and injuries

Lymphatic system

Defends the body against infection by cleaning interstitial fluid and returning it to the blood

Nervous system

Receives and processes information and stimulates action (in muscles, glands, and organ systems) through electrical impulses and neurotransmitters

Urinary system

Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, filter/purify blood and excrete liquid waste

Anatomical position

A universal, standardized reference for describing body structures and directions, ensuring clarity in medicine, biology, and fitness

• standing erect and facing forward

• Arms at the sides with palms of the hands facing forward

• Legs parallel with the feet and toes pointing forward

Brachial region

Upper arm

Cephalic region

The head

Cervical region

Neck

Epigastric region

The region above the stomach

Flank region

The lateral region of the anterior and posterior abdomen between the lowest rib and the hip’s lilac crest

Inguinal region

The groin; the lateral areas of the pelvic region, covering the area where the lower abdomen meets the thighs

Pubic region

The area of the external genitals (sex organs)

Thoracic region

The chest; the upper anterior trunk between the neck and the abdomen

Anterior

Situated before or in front of; the frontal aspect of a tissue, organ, or the body; pertaining to the front of or belly side

Base

The flatter aspect of an organ; most often the lower aspect of an organ

Deep

That which extends away from the surface or is located more internally; existing within or extending into a lower layers of tissue

Distal

Pertaining to being further away from (which is either the shoulder or the hip); establishes a position on an arm or leg; identifies that the area being evaluated is situated further away from the point of attachment

Inferior

Lower in place or position; the lower aspect of a tissue, organ, or the body pertaining to being below

Lateral

Situated or relating to being more toward the side of the torso or an organ; pertaining to the side of

Medial

Situated or relating to being more toward the side of the torso or an organ; pertaining to the side of

Superior

Higher in place or position; the upper aspect of a tissue, organ, or the body; pertaining to being above

Adip/o

Fat

Anter/o

Front

Cyt/o

Cell

Dors/o

Back side of, posterior

Inguin/o

Groin

Pariet/o

Cavity wall

Integumentary system

The body system that consists of the skin, hair, nails, and glands of the skin; a barrier between the body and the external environment, protecting it from injury, infection, and temperature fluctuations

Epidermis

The thin superficial layer of the skin

Dermis

Thickest layer of skin; contains sweat glands, oil glands, hair follicles, blood vessels and nerves

Hypodermis

A continuous, protective layer of loose connective and adipose tissue below the dermis, cushions, connects skin to muscles/bones and is highly vascular

Excretion

Removal of metabolic wastes from the body, such as carbon dioxide, feces, ad urine, sweat

Secretion

The process of forming and releasing a useful substance (hormones, saliva, gastric juices, mucus) from cells or glands that have a function in the body

Cyanosis

A bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membranes

Erythema

Redness of the skin

Jaundice

A yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and the sclera due to liver dysfunction

Pallor

Abnormal paleness of the skin

Abscess

A pus containing cavity that builds up in any body tissue and is surrounded by inflamed tissue; usually painful

Abrasion

An area of skin or mucous membranes that has been scraped off by friction; commonly called “road rash”

Avulsion

A segment of body tissue (skin, fingernail, bone) that is forcibly torn away or detached

Callus

A thickened, hardened area of skin that forms in response to repeated friction, pressure

Contusion

A bruise; a shallow collection of blood under the skin caused by forceful trauma

Burn

Damage to the skin and underlying tissue from exposure to fire, electricity, caustic chemicals, ultraviolet light from the sun

Cyst

A sac-like lesion with a distinct membrane that encapsulates the material inside

Decubitus ulcer

Ulcerative lesions caused by pressure from bony projections pushing against the skin

Hematoma

A swelling or mass of blood within a body tissue; sometimes referred to as a “goose egg”

Laceration

A cut or tear-like wound of the skin caused by trauma (not a surgical incision)

Vesicle

A small blister containing clear fluid

Dermatitis

An inflammation of the skin; a broad term for skin irritations causing redness, pain, swelling, and warmth

Cellulitis

A bacterial infection and inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous layers of tissue

Intramuscular injection

Insertion of a hypodermic needle into a muscle to inject a medication

Intravascular injection

Insertion of a hypodermic needle into a blood vessel to inject a medication

Subcutaneous injection

Insertion of a hypodermic needle into a blood vessel to inject a medication

Transdermal medication

Medications infused patches place on the skin; the medication is absorbed (administered) through the skin

Cutane/o

Skin

Erythr/o

Red

Leuk/o

White

Myc/o

Fungus

Scler/o

Hard