Developmental theories

Freud Oral Stage

(birth to 18 months) Relief from anxiety through oral gratification of needs

Freud's Anal Stage

(18m-3yrs) pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder elimination; coping with demands for control

Freud's Phallic Stage

(3-5years) pleasure zone is the genitals; coping with incestuous sexual feelings, toward the end reconnect with same sex parent

Freud's Latency Stage

6-12 a phase of dormant sexual feelings. Learns to socialize.

Failure: lack of motivation in school or job.

Freud's Genital Stage

(12 and up) sexual impulses reawaken, triggering psychological conflict and volatile behavior.

Erickson's Trust vs. Mistrust

(birth to 18 months) trust vs mistrust can I trust the people around me

Erickson's Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt

(1-3 years)

Toddlers sense of autonomy gained by controlling body excretions, saying no, and controlling movement

Supported by allowing opportunities for exploring and testing abilities

If consistently criticized for lack of control, develops shame in self and doubt in abilities

"No!"

Erickson's Initiative vs. Guilt

(3-6 years preschool)

Basic virtue is purpose

Play therapy important for this age in the hospital

Assert control over environment through play and are fearful of failing

Erickson's Industry vs. Inferiority

School age: 6-12years old

Need to be supported with praise

Basic virtues competence

You could let them do Intake and output

Erickson's Identity vs. Confusion

Adolescent

Basic virtue fidelity

Sense of self needs to be achieved

Sex talk

Erickson's intimacy vs. isolation

young adulthood (19-40)

During this period, the major conflict centers on forming intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation.

Erickson's Generativity vs. Stagnation

middle adulthood (40-65)

People experience a need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often having mentees or creating positive changes that will benefit other people.

Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world.

Erickson's Integrity vs. Despair

65+ years

Reviews life accomplishments, deals with loss and prepares for death

easy/flexible temperament

I can

Less likely to stand up for themselves

Difficult/active child

I won't

Shy/Slow to warm up

I cant

Piaget's sensorimotor stage

(Birth to 2 years old)

The infant builds an understanding of himself or herself and reality (and how things work) through interactions with the environment.

Piaget's Preoperational Stage

Ages 2 to 7

Gains in mental representation:

make-believe play

symbol-real-world relations

Limitations in thinking:

egocentrism

lack of conservation

lack of hierarchical classification

Piaget's Formal Operational Stage

12 and up

develop the capacity for abstract, systematic, scientific thinking

Piaget's Concrete Operational Stage

7-11

the period of cognitive development between years of age, which is characterized by the active, and appropriate, use of logic

Kolberg's Level 1: Preconventional Reasoning

Avoiding punishment

Self interest

Kolberg's Conventional Level

Good boy attitude

Law and morality

Kolberg's Level 3: Postconventional Reasoning

Social contract

Principle