5 - derm diagnostics

what is the most important aspect of a dermatology appointment

history

define alopecia

hair loss

define comed/comedones

hair follicle plug of keratin and sebum (blackhead)

define crust

thickened accumulation of dried exudate

describe depigmentation (hypopigmentation)

loss of normal pigmentation

epidermal collarette

circular peeling or scaling lesion

erosion

epidermal defect that odes not extend below the basement membrane of epidermis

erythema

reddening of the skin

excoriation

erosion due to self trauma

hyperpigmentation

increase or darkening of the sin pigment

hypo/hypertrichosis

diminished/excessive hair

interigo

dermatitis between skin folds

lichenification

skin thickening

macule

flat, circumscribed area of color change, less than 1cm in diameter

paronychia

inflammation of the nail bed/skin around the nail

patch

flat, circumscribed are of color change, greater than 1 cm in diameter

plaque

elevated, solid, often thickened lesion greater than 1 cm in diamgeter

pustule

small, pus-filled bump

what is the life cycle of a papule

papule → pustule → epidermal collarette

seborrhea

excessive scale formation

scale

flakes of cornified cells

ulceration

defect that extends below basement membrane

vesicle

clear, fluid-filled blister, less than 1 cm

wheal

”hives”, raised circumscribed lesion of edema

angioedema

large area of raised edema

what is an example of a primary alopecia

endocrine alopecia

what is an example of secondary allopecia

allergic dermatitis

what is the most likely cause of an epidermal collarette

bacterial pyoderma

hyperpigmentation is most commonly caused by what

post-inflammatory change

Lichenification is almost always a sign of what

chronic inflammation

what are the two most common causes of lichenification

chronic inflammation, increased friction

what other dermatologic change is often seen with lichenification

hyperpigmentation

what can excoriation turn into if the animal is allowed to continue picking at it

ulceration

T/F primary depigmentation is associated with other lesions and anatomical architecture under the depigmentation is affected

F

T/F secondary depigmentation is associated with other lesions and anatomical architecture under the depigmentation is affected

T

what are some examples of primary depigmentation causes

breed-associated, vitiligo

what are some examples of causes of secondary depigmentation

post-inflammatory

what are the two types of seborrhea dermatits

seborrheic sicca, seborrhea oleosa

is primary or secondary seborrhea more common

secondary

should you ever give a patient a final diangosis of seborrhea

no

what cytological technique can be used in areas that are difficult to sample

tape prep

what types of lesions can impression smears be used on

almost any lesion

what stain should you use for a tape prep

#3 diffquik stain

what cytology technique should be used in areas that are difficult to scarpe

trichogram

when would be some indications a biopsy would need to be performed

when therapies are not working, possible autoimmune or neoplasia, persistent ulcerations/large crusts/pustules/vesicles, looks unusual

what is the most common size of punch biopsy

6 mm

T/F the lesions can be prepped gently to clean dirt and debris before biopsy or culture

F

describe the technique used for punch biopsy

twist in one direction, push until hub, remove from punch with non-traumatic forceps

How many punch biopsy samples should you take

3+