Ichthyology Exam 2 Review

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to the sensory systems of fish, focusing on chemoreception, olfaction, and hearing.

Chemoreception

The physiological capacity whereby fish detect external and internal chemical information required for survival.

Olfaction

The sense of smell, utilizing olfactory receptors to detect chemicals in the environment.

Gustation

The sense of taste, enabling fish to detect soluble chemicals such as amino acids and nucleic acids.

Olfactory bulb

Brain region responsible for processing olfactory information from the sensory cells.

Olfactory rosette

Structure containing olfactory sensory cells that increases the surface area for chemical detection.

Olfactory pits

Depressions in fish that house the olfactory system, absent of connection to the respiratory system.

Barbals

Whisker-like sensory organs near the mouths of certain fish used for chemosensory detection.

Schreckstoff

An alarm substance released by fish in response to epithelial damage to warn others of danger.

Because fish are aquatic, their chemoreception systems are more sensitive to chemicals.

Water-soluble.

Unlike air-breathing animals, water-breathing fish detect __ cues rather than airborne ones.

Solution-borne.

The kin recognition in fish can reduce the risk of ___.

Inbreeding.

Fish can discriminate between __ and non-predators, which aids in survival.

Predators.

The olfactory system in fishes evolved more than ___ million years ago.

500.

The main organ for hearing in fish is the ___ ear.

Inner.

Fish taste buds are renewable with a lifespan of __ days.

12-42.

Ciliated, crypt, and microvillar are types of __ in fish.

Olfactory receptor neurons.

Fish can detect chemical cues even with ___ molecules in the environment.

Low amounts.

The anatomy of fish optical systems includes the ___, lens, vitreous body, and retina.

Sclera.

Fish have sensory cells that react to the ___ of water currents.

Movement.

The __ system within the inner ear helps fish maintain balance and sense sound.

Macula.

Sound travels _ faster in water than in air.

4.8 times.

Fish rely on both olfactory and ___ senses to explore their environment.

Gustatory.

Fish use ___ to sense vibrations in the water and maintain social dynamics.

Lateral line system.

The term ___ refers to the bending of the cupula as water passes through the lateral line.

Deflection.

Sharks lack in their taste buds, relying more on smell and vision.

Elaboration.

Visual adaptation in fish allows them to perceive light at ___ wavelengths.

Various.

Fish possess ___ abilities that are largely alien to terrestrial vertebrates.

Chemosensory.

Sensory hair cells within the inner ear are crucial for detecting ___ signals.

Sound.

The tapetum lucidum in elasmobranchs enhances their ___ in low-light conditions.

Vision.

For fish, sound is not affected by ___ or darkness in the water.

Turbidity.

Fish communicate through sound by producing __ sounds during courtship.

Chirping.

During darkness, rods in the fish eye play a vital role in ___ vision.

Scotopic.

Fish detect odors through three types of sensory cells which project to different ___ in the brain.

Glomeruli.

The neural response from the olfactory rosette is transmitted to the ___ lobe of the brain.

Olfactory.

The olfactory and gustatory systems share common ___ origins.

Evolutionary.

Fish can detect predators effectively but often fail to recognize ___ predators.

Non-indigenous.

Olfactory receptors in fish are primarily located in the ___ region.

Nasal.

Sensory adaptations in fish are especially important in __ environments.

Dark.

The swim bladder of fish functions to ___ the sound signal to their inner ear.

Reradiate.

Fish can have a population of ___ taste receptors distributed throughout their bodies.

Numerous.

Retinal transformations are important for adapting to changes in ___ levels.

Light.

Fish use ___ as a means of alarm communication within their species.

Pheromones.

The lateral line system can be considered a ___ for detecting water movements.

Sixth sense.

Specific adaptations in deep-sea fish may include enhanced structures for ___ detection.

Sound.

The ___ in fish can detect frequencies that vary widely, aiding in communication.

Swim bladder.

Hair cell innervation contributes to the fish's ability to identify the ___ of sound.

Direction.

Fish with elaborate orientations of hair bundles have enhanced capabilities.

Hearing.

Regarding sensory processing, fish have specialized adaptations that allow them to interpret ___ stimuli.

Complex.

Fish that can't produce sound but have good hearing include species like ___ and mormyrids.

Goldfish.

Sound production in fish can come from both intrinsic and ___ sources.

Extrinsic.

Fish have developed a system of ___ to gather sound information and maintain species communication.

Acoustics.