Micro final lec 4 practice for exam

antibiotic

have specific toxicity towards microbial life processes

antiseptics

can be safely applied ot human skin, but are not safe for internal use

disinfectants

should only be used on non-living surfaces, not humans

what does high level disinfection kill

inactivates most microbes but does not guaruntee endospores

when is high level disinfection used

against items in contact with mucus membranes or non-intact skin that are not heat stable

what does intermediate level disinfection kill

inactivates enveloped and non enveloped viruses all the way to mycobacteriu.

what are intermediate level disinfectants used on

things soiled with blood or potentially infectious matter

what does low level disinfection kill

primarily inactivates enveloped viruses to protists in their feeding stage

what is low level disinfaction used for

items in contact with intact skin only

heavy metals

bind to sulfur on amino acids and inhibit enzyne activity

what are the cons to heavy metals

metals may bioaccumulate

what are the pros to heavy metals

they are active at very small concentrations

phenolic compounds

aromatic ring with OH

primarily disrupt the cell membrane

(poor activity against endopores, mycobacterium, and nonenveloped viruses)

what are the pros of phenolic compounds

persitant and stable on surfaces

cons of phenolic compounds

poor activity against endopores, mycobacterium, and nonenveloped viruses

surface active agents (surfactants)

have a polar head and a hydrophilic tail

tail works by getting into grease and lifing it from surfaces

mechanical disruption of pathogens

-major ingredient in soaps and detergents

quats

a surfactant that has a quaternary N atom

-works by disrupting the membrane integrity

what are the pros of quats

inexpensive, stable, non-toxic

halOgens

Oxidizing agents that lead to cell inactivation

Iodine and Chlorine

Alcohols

think hand sanitizer!!!

denatures proteins and disrupts cell membranes

broad range

pros of alcohols

inexpensive and broadly effective

cons of alcohols

evaporate quickly - does not persist like phenols

bisbiguanines

presurgical antiseptic

works by disrupting membranes

low conc= bacteriostatic

high conc = bacteriocidal

cons of bisbiguanines

poorly effective against non-enveloped viruses and mycobacteria

Peroxygens

PUrrr Oxy so strong

strong oxidizong agent that creates free radicals and damages cells

pros of peroxygens

broad range effectiveness, inexpensive, work against endospores

Alkylating agents

replaces H group in DNA nucleotide with an alkyl group, causing it to mutate to death

alkylating agents pros

broad spectrum (sporicidal), good for disinfecting heat sensitive items

alkylating agents cons

skin and respiratory irritants

carcinogens

must be used in controlled enviromenment

what do cephalosproins do

inhibit peptidoglycan synthesis - cell lysis

what do Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines, Macrolides, Chloramphenicol do

inhibit protein synthesis

(All The Men Cream)

what does Rifamycin do

inhibits RNA polymerase

what do Quniolones do

Gross Quinn

Inhibits DNA Gyrase - no supercoiling - halts DNA synthesis

what does cycloserine do

cyclones break things

breaks the peptide bonds in AA of peptidoglycan, killing the cell