HIS 103 NCA&T/UNC System History First Test 9/10/26

North Carolina's multi-state university includes NC School of Science and Mathematics — how many other campuses?

16 other universities, making the UNC System 17 institutions total — broken down as 10 majority institutions, 5 HBCUs, and one historically Native American-serving institution (UNC Pembroke).

What is the date the NC Legislature chartered the Agricultural and Mechanical College for the Colored Race?

March 9, 1891.

What is the policy-making body legally charged with "general determination, control, supervision, management, and governance" of the state institutions?

The Board of Governors.

Identify the first public university in the US to open its doors and the only one to graduate students in the 18th century.

The University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill).

In what year was the main building constructed and what was the date students enrolled at A&M College in Greensboro?

1893.

What is the title of the person at the head of the UNC System?

President.

What is the title for the person at the head of each university in the UNC System?

Chancellor.

What is the name of the governing body elected by the NC Legislature for four-year terms with control over all public state institutions, and how many members does it have?

The Board of Governors — 24 members.

What is the date NC A&T became part of the UNC System?

1972.

What year did A&T grant its first Ph.D.?

1996.

What year did A&T hold its first Winter Commencement?

1999.

What are the 1890s, and how many universities are part of the 1890s?

The "1890s" refers to the land-grant institutions created under the second Morrill Act of 1890. There are 19 universities in this group nationally.

What is the difference between the Board of Higher Education and the Consolidated University/System? What year was it established?

The Board of Higher Education (BHE) was a coordinating body over colleges/universities that led to a certificate or degree, with limited authority. The Consolidated System merged the university boards and dissolved the State College Board of Trustees, centralizing control. It was established in 1931.

What is a Regional University, and what date did A&T become a university?

A Regional University offers a full range of undergraduate programs and provides graduate education at the master's level. A&T became a university in 1967.

What program could Consolidated System universities offer that BHE colleges could not?

Graduate programs.

Who proposed the reorganization of higher education institutions in NC, and why?

Governor Robert (Bob) Scott — because wasteful duplication continued and the state's colleges (by then upgraded to universities) still lacked the leadership and direction needed to serve the state.

What was the first case in NC to attempt to integrate/desegregate higher education?

Hocutt v. Wilson.

What was the impact of Gaines v. Canada on NC A&T?

It led to the establishment of graduate and honors programs at NC A&T (the case pressured states to provide equal in-state graduate opportunities for Black students rather than send them elsewhere).

What is the date the NC Legislature chartered the first land-grant college?

March 7, 1887.

What was the first state institution of higher education in NC and the South to enroll African Americans as undergraduates?

Shaw University.

Who opposed the restructuring of the state's universities?

UNC President William C. Friday.

Why did students at the five state HBCUs oppose the restructuring plan?

They believed the HBCUs would be closed or lose out under a revamped, consolidated system.

How did A&T students and students at the four other HBCUs express opposition? What were their demands? What was Black Monday in NC?

They expressed opposition through protests, including a rally known as "Black Monday," held October 25, 1971, in Raleigh. The call to the rally described its purpose as: "This gathering is being called to demonstrate Black solidarity in opposition to the current proposed plan of reorganization and to support the idea of Black Universities."

How did the responsibilities of the Board of Trustees change under the reorganization plan?

Individual institutional Boards of Trustees no longer held independent authority — their power was delegated by, and derived from, the central Board of Governors, whose members are elected by the General Assembly.

What was proposed by students/alumni at the five state HBCUs for the Board of Trustees? For the Board of Governors?

They proposed that local (institutional) Boards of Trustees at the HBCUs be at least 80% Black, and that the Board of Governors be at least 30% Black.

What were the "Adams states"?

Ten states, including North Carolina, that continued to operate segregated public higher-education systems while still receiving federal funds.

What was the Adams v. Richardson case?

A 1972 case in which the NAACP sued the federal Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) for allowing states to keep receiving federal funds despite violating Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by maintaining segregated systems.

What is a consent decree?

A settlement both sides agree to that a court then makes into an official, enforceable order.

What is a class action suit?

A lawsuit filed by one person or a small group on behalf of everyone else who has the same complaint.

What was the issue in the Adams v. Richardson case?

Judge John Pratt ruled in favor of the NAACP, finding that HEW had failed to enforce Title VI, and required HEW to impose tougher desegregation standards on North Carolina and nine other states that lacked an approved desegregation plan for higher education.

Why did the NAACP sue HEW?

For allowing states to continue receiving federal funds while violating Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 by operating segregated higher-education systems.

Why did the NAACP use Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to challenge racial segregation in higher education?

Title VI prohibits discrimination based on race, color, or national origin in any program or activity that receives federal financial assistance — since state university systems received federal funds, the NAACP argued their segregation violated the law.

Why did the Office of Civil Rights require NC to develop and implement a desegregation plan?

Because separate educational facilities are inherently unequal, and the reorganized 16-institution system still reflected racial duality and funding disparities tied to that segregation.

How was the eleven-year dispute between the UNC System and the US Department of Education settled?

Through a consent decree — both parties agreed that UNC President William Friday would take over hiring for new Black faculty positions and make key decisions affecting the historically Black universities.

In ending the 11-year dispute, what did the UNC System pledge?

Under the July 1981 consent decree, the UNC System pledged to significantly increase minority enrollment — for example, requiring institutions like NC State to almost double the number of minority students within six years — along with adding new academic programs at the HBCUs and moving toward equalized salaries and faculty composition.

In the 1931 session, the General Assembly established the Consolidated University from which three institutions?

The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina State College (now NC State University), and Woman's College (now UNC Greensboro).

What is the Student Government President's position on the Board of Trustees?

Ex officio (voting) member.

Who was the head of A&T that served with two titles of leadership?

Lewis C. Dowdy.

What is the Latin phrase inscribed on the NC A&T Seal?

Mens et Manus.

Who was the leader of the institution with the longest years of service?

Dr. Ferdinand D. Bluford.

What is the date of the land grant act that established the A&M College for the Colored Race?

March 9, 1891.

What are Historically Minority-Serving Institutions (HMSIs)? Which UNC System schools are HMSIs?

Institutions of higher education that serve minority populations. In the UNC System, the HMSIs are Elizabeth City State University, Fayetteville State University, NC A&T State University, NC Central University, Winston-Salem State University, and UNC Pembroke (historically serving Native American students).

SFFA v. UNC — what was the issue?

Students for Fair Admissions (SFFA) argued that UNC's consideration of race in admissions decisions violated both Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

What was the Supreme Court's decision in SFFA v. UNC in June 2023?

On June 29, 2023, the Court ruled that UNC's (and Harvard's, in the companion case) race-conscious admissions programs violated the Equal Protection Clause, effectively ending the use of race as a factor in college admissions nationwide.

What was the Morrill Act of 1890?

It extended the original 1862 Morrill Act's land-grant provisions to 16 southern states, requiring them to either admit Black students to their existing land-grant colleges or establish separate land-grant institutions for them — this is what funded the agricultural and mechanical colleges for African Americans across the South, including NC A&T.

How does the Higher Education Act of 1965 define an HBCU?

A school of higher learning that was accredited and established before 1964, whose principal mission was the education of African Americans.