Organic Chem - IUPAC naming rules

IUPAC

Group that creates a standard for naming organic chemicals.

First rule of IUPAC naming

Find the longest carbon chain and give it a root name.

Seccond rule of IUPAC naming

Add the highest priority functional group’s suffix to the root name.

Third rule of IUPAC naming

identify the types of substituents and their positions on the carbon chain, then add a numbered prefix to the root name.

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Meth, Eth, Prop, But

Geometric names for the amount of carbon in a chain.

Pent, Hex, Hept, Oct, Non, Dec, Undec, Dodec

Functional Groups

A specific combination of atoms that do stuff.

Alkanes

Only single bonds. Use suffix ane

Alkenes

Have a double bond. Use suffix ene

Alkynes

Have a triple bond. Use suffix yne

Substituent

Substitutes a hydrogen bond with something else.

Rule for numbering carbons

Attempt to minimize numbers in the name, considering the priority groups.

Carbon substituents

Add suffix yl

More than 1 substituents

Use di/tri

Halogens

Chloro, Bromo, Iodo, Flouro

Cyclo

Means the compound goes in a circle.

Heteroatom

Atoms that are not carbon or hydrogen

R

Replacement for carbon chains

Alcohols

Have an OH single bond. Ol suffix

Ethers

When O is connected to 2 carbon chains. typically don’t follow IUPAC.

Rule for naming Ethers

Name both carbon chains. Put it in alphabetical order. Put ether at the end.

Carbonyl groups

Aldehydes and ketones

Aldehydes

Double bond to O with 1 carbon chain. Suffix al

Ketones

Double bond to O with 2 carbon chains. Suffix one

Carboxylic Acids

A carbonyl group plus an alcohol replacing R. Oic acid suffix

Esters

Smell really good

Acid chlorides

Smell very bad

Anhydrides

Have an extra carbonyl group

Amides

Contain nitrogen

Amines

Nitrogen attached to 3 R and a lone pair.

Nitrile

Nitrogen with a lone pair triple bonded to a carbon.

Phenyles

(Benzene rings) Six carbon rings with alternating single and double bonds.

Priority list for counting carbons

1.Carboxylic Acid 2.Aldehydes 3.Ketones 4.Alcohols 5.Alkenes/Alkynes 6.Alkanes