Herdity

Alleles

a variant or alternative form of a specific gene, existing at the same position (locus) on a chromosome

Codominance

Both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozugote

crossover frequency

Exchanging genes between homologous chromosomes

cross pollination

true breeding plants to see if traits were blended in the offspring

dihybrid cross

a genetics experiment tracking two different traits

Epistasis

genetic interaction where one gene masks, modifies, or suppresses the expression of another

gene map

method used to construct a model of the linear sequence of genes on a chromosome

Genetics

the study of heredity

Genotype

genetics make up or combinations of alleles

Heredity

the passing of traits from parents to their offspring

Heterozygous

two different alleles

Homozygous

Two of the same alleles

Hybrid

offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

incomplete dominance

one allele is not completely domincant over another

linked genes

genes located close together on the same chromosome, causing them to be inherited together more often than not, as if they are physically "tied"

monohybrid cross

parents differ in only 1 trait

multiple alleles

A series of three or more alternante forms of a gene

Phenotype

observable trait or physical appearance

polygenic trait

traits that are controlled by two or more gene

Punnett square

A tool to determined the probability of a trait being inherited by an offspring

Self-fertilization

the fertilization of plants or animals by their own pollen or sperm rather than that of another individual.

test cross

Conducted when one parent has the dominant trait but it is unknown if they have the homozygous dominant of heterozygous genotype. Both genotypes

Trait

a distinguishing quality, feature, or characteristic that makes someone or something unique

true-breeding plant

self pollinating plant that produces offspring identical to itself

Parents pass on ot their offspring separate and distinct "factor" → genes that are responsible for inheriting traits (no blending)

What is Mendel's Particulate Theory of Inheritance?

Some alleles are dominant over others

What is the Principle of Dominance?

Two alleles for a trait separate during the formation of gametes

What is the Principle of Segregation?

Random alignment of tetrad and their separation in anaphase I results in genes on different chromosomes being passed down to gametes Independent

What is the Principle of Independent Assortment?

Incomplete dominance

Codimincace

Multiple alleles

Polygentic inheritance

Pleiotropy

Epistasis

What are six exceptions to Mendel's principles?

Heredity is the passing of traits from parents to their offspring while genetics is the study heredity.

What is heredity? What is genetics?

F1 signifies first filial generation and f2 is the second filial generation

What does F1 and F2 signify?

one of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome

What is an allele?

A homozygous individual has two identical alleles for a trait , producing only one type of gamete, while a heterozygous individual has two different alleles, producing two types of gametes

How is a homozygous different from a heterozygous individual?

A phenotype is an observable trait or physical characteristic while a genotype is the genetic make up or combination of Alleles

How is phenotype different from genotype?

Exhibit a dominant trait when they have at least one dominant allele. Experience a recessive trait only when they have two recessive alleles

When will an individual exhibit the dominant trait? When will an individual exhibit the

Recessive trait?

Incomplete dominance is one allele is not completely domincant over another while codomincance is both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozugote

What is incomplete dominance? What is codominance?

A trait that is controlled by two or more genes. Ex. eye color

What is a polygenic trait?

Chromosomes are groups of linked genes

What is the Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance?

cytoplasm

Where does fermentation occur in the cell?

He tried different experiments with fruit flies

How did Morgan figure out crossing over?

It reflects how far apart they are on a chromosome

How do linked genes and crossover frequencies during meiosis allow genes to be

mapped?