Bipolar and Related Disorders Flashcards

Flashcards on Bipolar and Related Disorders

Bipolar Disorders

Mood swings from profound depression to extreme euphoria (mania), with intervening periods of normalcy. May include delusions and hallucinations.

Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder

Depressed mood nearly every day, loss of interest, impaired functioning, sleep disturbances, decreased concentration.

Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder (Continued)

Changes in motor activity and appetite, feelings of worthlessness/guilt, possible suicidal ideation, not attributed to substances/medical condition.

Symptoms of Mania

Elevated, expansive, or irritable mood; inflated self-esteem or grandiosity; decreased need for sleep; increased talking; flight of ideas or racing thoughts.

Mania (Continued)

Talkative, pressured speech; distractibility; increased activity or psychomotor agitation; excessive involvement in risky pleasurable activities.

Types of Bipolar Disorders

Bipolar I Disorder, Bipolar II Disorder, Cyclothymic Disorder, Substance/Medication-Induced Bipolar Disorder, Bipolar Disorder Due to Another Medical Condition

Bipolar I Disorder

Experiencing a full syndrome of manic symptoms and at least one episode of depression.

Bipolar II Disorder

Recurrent bouts of major depression and episodic occurrences of hypomania.

Hypomania

Symptoms less severe than mania, no marked impairment in social or occupational function, no delusions.

Cyclothymic Disorders

Chronic mood disturbance of at least 2 years, alternating periods of dysthymia and hypomania.

Specifiers for Bipolar Disorders

With anxious distress, with mixed features, with rapid cycling, with melancholic features, with mood-congruent psychotic features, with mood-incongruent psychotic features, with catatonia, with peripartum onset, with seasonal pattern.

Mood Stabilizers

Lithium, Divalproex (Depakote), Carbamazepine (Tegretol), Lamotrigine (Lamictal)

Antipsychotics

Olanzapine (Zyprexa), Quetiapine (Seroquel), Risperidone (Risperdal)

Patient and Family Interventions

Improve communication, teach patient/family to recognize early warning signs of relapse, teach family how to respond to warning signs, educate about necessity of treatment, monitor therapeutic levels in labs.

Nursing Interventions for Mania: Risk for Injury

Reduce environmental stimuli, remove hazardous objects and substances, stay with the patient who is hyperactive and agitated, provide physical activities, administer tranquilizers PRN.

Nursing Interventions for Mania: Imbalanced Nutrition

High-protein, high-calorie, nutritious finger foods/snacks and drinks that can be consumed on the run, maintain accurate record of intake/output/calorie count/weight, monitor daily laboratory values, provide favorite foods, supplement diet, walk or sit with patient while they eat.

Nursing Interventions for Mania: Impaired Social Interactions

Set limits on manipulative behaviors, ignore attempts to argue/bargain/charm, positive reinforcement, discuss consequences, help patient identify positive attributes.