DEN-101 Chapter 1-5

Hesi- Re

* Chief of the tooters and the physicians
* first known dentist
* radiographs show periodontal disease

Hippocrates

\*” father of medicine”

developed toothpaste and mouthwash

wrote the Hippocrates oath

Aristotle

* said gingiva was responsible for tooth formation
* said men has 32 teeth and w omen have 30

T’ing To-Tung and Yu Shu

* describe the act of chewing and swallowing

The romans

* skilled
* developed tooth cleaning powders of eggshells, bones, oyster shells mixed with honey
* fancy toothpick

greeks

practiced of medicine related to priesthood and worship practices

Leonardo da vinci

* first to described differences in premolars and. molars

pierre fauchard

* he made dentistry as a profession
* recognized scaling could prevent gum disease

Robert woofendale

* first dentist to travel throughout American colonies

John baker

* practiced in a number of colonial colonies
* one of George w. dentist

John greenwood

* George w. dentist
* first native born dentist

Paul revere

interested in making artical

Horace Hayden

lectured to medical students

Chapin harris

the 1st nationwide association of dentist

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hippocrates

“Father of medicine”

* balance of bodily fluids and temperature leads to good helps
* stressed good oral hygiene
* developed dentifrice and mouthwash
* artistotle---- gingiva responsible for tooth formation

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egyptians

* hesi-re
* early “fixed bridge” found on Egyptian skull
* radiographs show periodontal disease
* problems can be attributed in part to the Egyptian diet

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Chinese

* arsenic treatment for tooth decay
* developed. silver amalgam paste for fillings
* t’ing to t’ung and tu she described the act of chewing and swallowing

the romans

* very skilled in dental procedures
* extractions
* restoring decayed teeth with gold crowns
* bridgework
* “toothwort” belief
* developed tooth cleaning powders of eggshells, bone, oyster shell mixed with honeu
* elaborate tooth picks

Claudius galen

* listed teeth as bones of the body
* first to mention nerves in the teeth

the renaissance

* Leonard da vinci
* Ambrose pare- father of modern surgery--- extensive writings on tooth extraction and preimplantation. credited as the first to use artificial eyes, arms and legs
* pierre fauchard

Robert woofendale

one of the first dentist to travel throughout American colones

dr green yardman black

grand old damn of dentrist

invented machines for testing alloys and instruments

taught in dental schools

wrote standardized rules for cavity prep and fill

Wilhelm Conrad roentgen

discovered X-rays

horace wellls

discovered inhalation anesthesia

dr. Deborah greenspan

research on dental issues related to his and aids

Lucy b. hobbs-taylor

first women to graduate from a recongnized dental college

ida gray rollins

first African American woman to earn a formal dss degrree

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George Franklin grant

graduated Harvard and appointed to the schools faculty

dr George spruce

first American Indian dentist in the us

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dr Jessica rickert

first American Indian female dentist

edmucd kells

hired the first dental assistatn

developed da programs

commissioner of coda

president of adaa

irene newman

first dental hygienist

dental accreditation

the commission on dental accreditation of the American dental association. its responsebile for the evaluation and accreditation of dental education programs in the us

confidentiality

* ◦       Everything that is said and done in the dental office must remain confidential 

◦       DO NOT reveal identity of a patient or any information from his/her records without patient’s permission

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◦       HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) is a set of federal privacy laws

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◦       Various types of Dental Assisting Programs:

◦       Community Colleges

◦       Vocational Schools

◦       Career Colleges

◦       Tech Institutes

◦       Universities 

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◦       Dental Schools

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◦       The types of practice settings:

◦       Solo practice

◦       Group practice

◦       Specialty practice

◦       Insurance company

◦       Office manager

◦       Teaching

◦       Dental product sales

◦       Dental school and hospital clinics

◦       Public Health

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◦       Financial and scheduling coordinator

DANB

offers 5 National Certifications

ADAA 

American dental assistant association- benefits from membership include free continuing education credits,

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◦       Dentist

◦       Undergraduate degree (4 years) + Dental school (4 years) that is accredited by CODA

◦       Must pass written National Board AND state-specific clinical exam

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◦       - Receives training in dental sciences, intensive clinical practice 

Dental hygienist

        Removes deposits on the teeth, exposes radiographs, placed topical fluoride & sealants, provides homecare instructions

        - 2 years of college  at least an associates degree (from accredited program)

        - Bachelors and masters degrees available

\- Must pass written National Board Exam and clinical state board exam 

Dental assistant

        - Does everything!!

        - Works primarily with the dentist using 4-handed dentistry techniques

        - Limited by regulations of the State Dental Practice Act

        - Not all states require formal education

        - CODA accredited program of at least 1 year in length

   Must include didactic, laboratory, and clinical content

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        - Dental Assistants role will continue to evolve

Business assistant

        Also known as administrative assistant, secretarial assistant, receptionist

        - Scheduling appointments

        - Communicating on the phone

        - Coordinating financial arrangements with patients

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        - Handling dental insurance claims

9 recongnized dental specialties

Dental public health- one big room where they go to help people who cant afford dental health care

Endodontics- Specialzies in root canal therapy

Oral and maxillofacial radiology- does xrays

Oral and maxillofacial surgery- srugerys

Oral pathology- focus on the mount and tongue

Orthodontics- braces

Pediatric dentistry- kids

Periodontics- focuses on periodontal disease paitents

Ethics

\-        Includes values, high standards of conduct, Personal Obligations

\-       Ethics involves what you __should__ do, not what you __must__ do

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\-       Ethics is involved in the way we treat other people, animals, & the environment

Autonomy

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\-       A person’s freedom to think, judge and act independently w/o influence

Nonmaleficence

\-       To do no harm

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\-       Most basic element in morality,,,-       If it causes harm it is not moral

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Justice

Treating people fairly and giving people what they deserve and are entitled to receive

Veracity

Telling the truth

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·        __Criminal law__

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·        Crimes against society

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·        Criminal offenses:

o   Felony: Major crime (insurance fraud or drug abuse in the dental setting)

o   Misdemeanor: Lesser offense resulting in penalties, loss or suspension of license, counseling, community service (improper infection control practice)

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o   Infraction: Minor offense that results in a fine (license renewal payment lapses)

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·        __Civil law__

·        Crimes against an individual

·        Seeks to compensate the victim

·        Classifications that effect dentistry:

o   Contract Law: Binding agreement

o   Tort Law: Acts that bring harm to people or property

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o   Administrative Law: Regulations established by government agencies (OSHA violations)

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·        State dental practice act

·        Protects the public from incompetent practitioners 

Specifies legal requirements for the practice of dentistry for each state

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·        Board of dentistry

·        Interprets and implements state regulations

·        Members = Dentists, hygienists, DAs, consumers

·        Responsible for enforcement of regulations

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·        Reciprocity Agreement

Due Care

Proper and sufficient care or the absence of negligence

Malpractice

Professional negligence or lack of due care

For a patient to win a lawsuit for malpractice, __*all*__ 4 conditions must be present

–     1. Duty: A dentist-patient relationship must exist

–     2. Derelict: Standard of care was not met  negligence

–     3. Direct Cause: The negligent act directly caused injury

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–     4. Damages: Pain and suffering, loss of income, medical bills = damages

Omission

•       Failure to perform an act that a reasonable and prudent professional *would* perform

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–     Example: Not taking a radiograph on a patient suspected of having tooth infection

commission

•       Performance of an act that a reasonable and prudent professional *would not* perform

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–     Injecting a child with 15 cartridges of anesthetic resulting overdose

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•       Doctrine of *Res Ipsa Loquitor*

•       “the act speaks for itself”

•       The evidence is clear

•       Examples:

–     Dentist extracted the wrong tooth

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–     Dentists broke an instrument inside the root of a tooth during a RCT and left it there

Res gestae 

•       “things done”

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–     Statements made by anyone at the time of an alleged negligent act are admissible as evidence and can be damaging