FF1 Chapter 1 : The Fire Service

What is the mission of the fire service?

To save lives, also protecting property and the environment.

name the symbol, what it was named after and when

florian cross

• named after a roman officer in the 4th century who was assigned to organize firefighting brigades in Rome

name the symbol, since WHEN has it been used, what do the points represent?

Maltese cross

• since the 12th century

• each of the 8 points represent the key attributes of a good first responder : dexterous, clear, sympathetic, and always using good judgement

Name this symbol and where can you find it, what it represents

the firefighters cross

• represents the firefighters life of service, dedication, and sacrifice

• found on most fire vehicles, uniforms , and badges

discuss the origins of curfew

william the conqueror decreed that all home fires in england would be extinguished with a metal lid called “couvre feu” (1066)

What fire struck in 1666, destroying more than 13,000 homes ? it led to improvements in fire protecti0on for more than 100 years

The great Fire of London

where and when was the first documented structure fire in North America

Jamestown Virginia 1608

when and where were the first fire regulations established in North America, and what were they?

in 1630

city of boston MASS

banned wood chimneys and thatched roofs

in addition to banning wood chimneys and thatched roofs, what two things did governor Peter Stuyvesant enact in the Dutch colony in 1648

• mandatory regular chimney sweepings

• fire wardens imposing fines on owners who didn’t comply to these regulations, using the money for firefighting equipment

when was the first fire department with paid firefighters in the US established and where?

1678, Boston

When where and because of who was the first volunteer fire department established?

• 1736

• Philadelphia

• ben franklin

what and when was the fire hook used in colonial firefighting

name common colonial era firefighting tools

it was used when all else failed and the building had to be pulled down preventing it from spreading

• buckets

• ladders

• fire hooks

when did hand-powered pumpers come into the picture? who developed one and where?

• 1721

• Richard news ham

• London England

when did steam powered pumpers come into the picture? how did they get to the fires

early 1800s,

specially trained horses

when was the combustion engine created, allowing for motorized pumpers?

1900s

who, where, and when did the first fire hydrant get developed, what was it called?

• Frederick Graff sr.

• new York city

• 1801

• fireplug

what did a fire warden do in colonial times?

what was another method for their job?

what did they sound?

patrolled neighborhoods for fire and sounded the alarm if discovered

watch towers were also implemented

sounded the community fire bell or church bells as the alarm system

what was implemented in the late 1800s that allowed for fire alerts to be transported to fire dept easier

telegraph fire alarms

what was one of the earliest methods chief officers used to give commands and communicate on the fireground, what does this symbol mean now?

chiefs trumpet or chiefs bugle

now it is used to signify rank, the more trumpets, the higher rank

what was the purpose of a fire mark

plaque that displayed the name or logo of the insurance company which people paid for fire insurance and would have on their homes

what is a code

set of legally adopted rules that specify the minimum requirements and standard practices in an industry or profession

what’s a fire code (3 points)

specifies practices and procedures to prevent fires

requires structures to be constructed for fire prevention and suppression

specifies how occupants will be evacuated in the event of a fire occurring

what’s a building code, how do they relate to fire codes

specifies how structures are designed , constructed, and remodeled so that they are safe for them to live and work in. these reference fire codes and require buildings to meet them

what are the two major fires that affected the development of the fire service and fire codes

• what were some of these affects

• the great Chicago fire

• Peshtigo fire

stricter building codes, water plumbing systems, and improvements in communications

what fire burned for 3 days, destroyed more than 2000 acres, and more than 17000 homes, killed 300 people and more than 100,000 homeless with preexisting conditions of no rain for 3 weeks in oct 1871

the great Chicago fire

what fire had preexisting conditions of drought like conditions and logging operations in Wisconsin, and created a tornado of fire resulting in 2500 lost lives and 1.2 million acres of forest burned?

Peshtigo fire

what fire was a deathtrap for 602 people in 1903, mostly women and children, and resulted in important changes for theatres including mandatory exit lighting, automatic sprinklers, standpipes, fire alarms and flame resistant scenery props and curtains?

iroquois theater in chicago

what fire in new york in 1911 took the lives of 146 and was the landmark that prompted NFPA to create NFPA 101 life safety code that made what 5 main regulations

triangle shirt waste factory

stairways enclosed

elevator shafts fireproof

more than 25 people working = sprinklers

outward unlocked doors

maps of escape routes

what fire claimed the lived of 95 people (92 children) and resulted in changing codes and practices surrounding school safety

our lady of the angels school fire in Chicago Illinois

what fire in 1977 triggered requirements for automatic sprinklers and fire alarms in new and existing buildings when number of people allowed is more than 300, 165 people lost their lives there

the Beverly hills supper club fire, Southgate Kentucky

what fire in 2003 took 100 lives and changed the regulations to more than 250 people seated required a fire Marshall inspection and crowd managers, and automatic sprinklers installed in bars dance halls discotheques nightclubs with more than 100 people, exit inspections

station nightclub fire in Warwick Rhode island

NFPA stands for and what is it?

National fire protection association

a nonprofit that creates and maintained nationally recognized fire codes and standards for fire safety and hazardous materials

what does the ICC stand for and what is it?

International code council

international association that creates standards and codes for buildings

whats a standard

describes how a task should be done, what equipment to use, and how

whats a regulation

developed by government or government authorized organizations to implement a law

what does AHJ stand for and what is it, what are they in charge of deciding

Authority having jurisdiction

the person or org. responsible for ensuring that requirements of a standard adopted into law by jurisdiction are upheld,

they decide whether to adopt a standard as a regulation

what percent fire dpt. are volunteer, vs all career

volly : 70.1

career : 9.3

although career and mostly career fire dept. make up only _____ percent of the total number of fire dept. in the US they serve ___ percent of the US population

18, 69

what are the two national organizations that accredit or recognize emergency serivece certification systems

• National board of fire service professional qualifications (pro board)

• International fire service accreditation congress (IFSAC)

what are the five characteristics of the culture of the fire srevice

• duty

• honor

• service

• safety

• excellence

what is CRR stand for and what is it

community risk reduction

comprehensive approach to reduce the overall incidence and impact of emergencies within a community by identifying potential risks and creating plans and procedures to mitigate those risks

what are the 5 Es of fire prevention / 5 es of CRR

1. education

2. engineering

3. enforcement

4. economic incentives

5. emergency response