Eukaryotic Cell Structure and Function

These flashcards cover the structure and function of key organelles and components in eukaryotic cells, focusing on the nucleus, ribosomes, and the endomembrane system.

Nucleus

The organelle that contains most of the cell's DNA and is usually the most conspicuous.

Nuclear envelope

A double membrane consisting of two lipid bilayers that surrounds the nucleus.

Nuclear pore

A protein-lined channel in the nuclear envelope that regulates transport of molecules between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

Nucleolus

A distinct structure present in the nucleus that participates in assembling ribosomes.

Chromatin

A complex of DNA and proteins that forms chromosomes within the nucleus.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

A network of membranes involved in the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids.

Ribosome

Particles made of ribosomal RNA and proteins that carry out protein synthesis.

Smooth ER

A type of endoplasmic reticulum that lacks ribosomes, synthesizes lipids, and detoxifies substances.

Rough ER

A type of endoplasmic reticulum that has ribosomes on its surface and is involved in protein modification.

Transport vesicle

A membrane-bound vesicle that shuttles proteins between cellular compartments.

Endomembrane system

A group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells that work together to modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins.

Glycoprotein

A protein that has carbohydrate molecules attached, important for cell recognition.