Orofacial Structures: Chapter 26

Number of bones in the skull

22

Number of bones in the neurocranium

8

Neurocranium

Brain

Bones of the neurocranium

Frontal (single)

Sphenoid (single)

Occipital (single)

Temporal (paired)

Parietal (paired)

Number of bones in the viscercranium

14

Viscerocranium

Face

Bones of the viscerocranium

Mandible (single)

Vomer (single)

Nasal bones (paired)

Lacrimal bones (paired)

Zygomatic bones (paired)

Inferior nasal conchae (paired)

Palatine bones (paired)

Maxillae (paired)

Suture

a junction where two or more bones join together

Foramen

a short tube-like opening through a bone

Canal

a long tube-like opening through bone

Foramen spinosum

transmits the middle meningeal artery to the covering of the brain

Foramen ovale

transmits V3

Foramen rotundum

Transmits V2

Incisive foramen

foramen at the midline of the anterior palate region

Median palatine suture

Suture that goes down the middle of the hard palate. The anterior part of the suture may also be called part of the intermaxillary suture.

Transverse palatine suture

Suture that runs across the posterior part of the hard palate between the maxillae and the palatine bones.

Greater and lesser palatine foramen

Foramen on either side of the hard palate between the maxillae and the palatine bones.

Posterior nasal spine

Pointed bony projection at the posterior end of the hard palate.

Frontal bone

Bone that forms the forehead.

Parietal bone

Pair of bones that forms the upper lateral part of the skull.

Sphenoid bone

Large bone that helps form the base of the skull in front of the occipital bone and part of the inside of the skull.

Middle nasal concha of ethmoid bone

Small projection of thin bone from the middle of the lateral nasal wall.

Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone

Inferior nasal concha

Small bones that project from the lower lateral walls of the nasal cavity.

Vomer

Bone that forms the lower part of the nasal septum.

Mental foramen

Foramen on the lateral side of the mandible, below the premolars.

Mandible

Lower jaw.

Maxillae

Paired main bones of the upper jaw.

Infraorbital canal of maxilla

Zygomatic bone

Bone that forms cheek area.

Palatine bone

Bone that forms the posterior part of the hard palate and the lateral nasal cavity.

Lacrimal bone

Small bone at the inner front of the orbit, forming part of the canal from the eye to the nose.

Ethmoid bone

Bone that forms a very small part of the anterior neurocranium, part of the medial wall of the orbit, and a large part of the nasal cavity.

Nasal bone

Bones that form the bridge of the nose.

Temporal bone

Bone that forms part of the side of the skull, including the ear area.

Coronal suture

Suture between the frontal bone and the two parietal bones; also call the frontoparietal suture.

Squamous suture

Suture between the temporal and parietal bones.

Lambdoid suture

Inverted V-shaped suture between the occipital and parietal bones; also known as the parietooccipital suture.

Sagittal suture

Suture that extends along the middle of the top of the skull between the parietal bones.

Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone

Projection of the sphenoid bone that forms the posterior border of the anterior cranial fossa.

Greater wing of the sphenoid bone

Part of the sphenoid bone projecting onto the side of the skull behind the zygomatic bone as well as the posterior part of the orbit.

Pterygoid canal of sphenoid bone

Lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

Medial pterygoid plate

Pterygoid hamulus

Maxillary Sinus

Largest of the paired paranasal sinuses; located in the maxillae. Forms thin wall of bone between the roots of the maxillary posterior teeth and the sinus spaces themselves. Toothaches often are a cause these being irritated.

Mandibular notch

Condyle of mandible

Rounded top of the mandible that articulates with the mandibular fossa on temporal bone.

External oblique line of mandible

Pterygoid fovea

Mental protuberance

Ramus

Body of the mandible

Neck of the mandible

Alveolar process

supraorbital foramen

external auditory canal

infraorbital foramen

opening under the orbit carrying the infraorbital nerves and blood vessels the the nasal region

mandibular condyle

in mandibular fossa

styloid process

mental foramen

superior orbital fissure

inferior orbital fissure

optic canal

mastoid process

mandibular condyle

zygomatic arch

corotid canal

jugular foramen

foramen ovale

occipital condyles

mandibular fossa

pterygopalatine fossa

maxillary tuberosity

condyle

coronoid process

mandibular notch

lingula

mandible landmarks

sublingual fossa