biomechanics
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22 Terms
force
a push or a pull that causes an object to slow down, change dirction,speed up
torque
the turning effect produced by a force
= force x level arm (r )
velocity
the rate at which an object moves it position
displacement/time
speed
the rate of motion
distance/time
displacement
the difference between the initial position and final position of an object
momentum (p)
a measure of the amount of motion an object has its resistance to changing that motion
mass x velocity
summation of momentum
The sequential and coordinated movement of each body segment to produce maximum velocity
conservation of momentum
momentum before collision = momentum after collision
angular momentum
the amount of angular motion that a body possess
moment of inertia x angular velocity
impulse
the product of force and time
angular motion
rotation around a central axis or fixed point
angular velocity
the rate of change of the angular displacement over time, which indicates how quickly an object rotates
projectile
an airborne body that is only affected by the forces of gravity and air resistance
third class lever
force is between the resistance and the axis
mechanical advantage
measure of the efficiency of the lever system
force arm/resistance arm
Newton’s 1st Law
Law of Inertia: an object stays at rest or in constant motion unless acted on by an unbalanced force
Newton’s 2nd Law
Law of acceleration: the rate of acceleration is proportional to the force applied in the same direction
F = m x a
Newton’s 3rd Law
Law of action-reaction: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
equilibrium
the state of motion, either rest or constant velocity during movement, where all forces and torques are balanced
stability
body’s ability to resist a change in its current state
balance
the ability to control equilibrium while stationary or moving
factors affecting stability
base of support
centre of gravity
line of gravity
mass
friction between the body and the surface or surfaces contacted