Module 6.2: Psychotherapy Approaches (Phenomenological and Humanistic-Existential)

Phenomenological Approach

Understanding the individual's unique perception and interpretation of their lived world.

Humanistic-Existential Approach

Viewing individuals as whole, integrated beings (mind, body, spirit).

Emphasis on Subjective Experience (Phenomenology)

Understanding the individual's unique perception and interpretation of their lived world.

Holistic View of the Person (Humanistic-Existential)

Viewing individuals as whole, integrated beings (mind, body, spirit).

Innate Potential for Growth (Humanistic)

Belief that individuals have an inherent drive towards growth and self-actualization.

Importance of Meaning and Purpose (Existential)

Exploring fundamental questions of existence; distress can arise from lack of meaning.

Emphasis on the Present Moment (Humanistic-Existential)

Focusing on the individual's current experience and choices.

Therapeutic Relationship (Humanistic-Existential)

The quality of the relationship is central for facilitating change (empathy, genuineness, unconditional positive regard).

Non-Directive Approach

Therapists facilitate self-discovery rather than imposing interpretations.

Self-Actualization

The inherent tendency to move towards full potential and growth.

Conditions of Worth

External standards dictating when someone is deemed worthy; can lead to incongruence.

Incongruence

Discrepancy between self-concept and ideal self/actual experience.

Congruence

Therapist's genuineness and alignment of inner experience and outward expression.

Empathy

Therapist's ability to deeply understand the client's perspective.

Unconditional Positive Regard

Therapist's non-judgmental acceptance of the client.

Existential Anxiety

Anxiety arising from awareness of death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness.

Freedom and Responsibility

Individuals have the freedom to choose and are responsible for their choices.

Meaning-Making

The human drive to find purpose and significance in life.

The Four Ultimate Concerns

Death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness.

Authenticity

Living in accordance with one's own values and beliefs.

Inauthenticity

Avoiding existential realities and living untrue to oneself.

Carl Rogers

Developed Person-Centered Therapy.

Abraham Maslow

Known for hierarchy of needs and self-actualization.