Useful phrase

transactional approach

a lens that focuses heavily on the exchange mechanism

boost economic growth and deal with huge deficits

Core conflict: Doing what it takes to fix the deficit (cutting spending and raising taxes) usually slows down economic growth. Conversely, doing what it takes to boost growth (spending more and cutting taxes) usually makes the deficit worse in the short term.

an economic downturn/ a severe recession

thụt lùi kinh tế/ khủng hoảng

a high economic multiplier effect

Example: Spending money to build a major highway or upgrading high-tech digital infrastructure. While this increases the deficit today, it creates immediate construction jobs, lowers business costs, and boosts long-term productivity, which eventually brings in higher tax revenues to pay off the debt.

remain a leading advocate for free trade and greenery

support

open up new opportunities

.

boost its global influence

Boosting global influence is about ensuring a country has a seat at the table—or runs the table—when major global decisions are made.

Cultural Diplomacy

Exporting music, movies, television shows, and food. When people around the world love a country’s pop culture, it creates a Economic and Humanitarian Aidthat makes diplomatic relations smoother.

Economic and Humanitarian Aid

Providing financial assistance, disaster relief, or vaccines to developing nations. This builds goodwill and geopolitical gratitude.

Hosting Global Events

Organizing massive international events like the Olympics, World Cups, or global climate summits to showcase infrastructure, hospitality, and leadership.

do tactical deals >< grand, long-term strategy

to make short-term, opportunistic agreements designed to solve an immediate problem, achieve a specific quick win, or gain a temporary advantage.

pragmatic and reactive

It’s the art of looking at the board, finding a quick compromise or transaction that benefits you right now