Urban Growth Case Study; Mumbai, India

background

• coastal city, West region of India

• most populated city in country, 21million

global importance

• largest number of TNC headquarters in Asia (Walt Disney, Volkswagen)

• home to Bollywood

• hub for design, fashion and jewellery

national importance

• nationally contributes 33% of all income tax

• commercial and financial capital

• transport hub linking industrial cities

social challenges: squatter settlements

• 40% in poor quality housing or street

• Slum Rehabilitation Authority, relocating residents

social challenges: providing clean water and sanitation

• 95% of one slum has lower access than recommended by WHO

• causes cholera and typhoid

social challenges: access to services

• healthcare and education

• youthful population, rising demand for schools and maternity services

economic challenges: reducing unemployment and crime

• demand for unskilled workforce lowered

• leading to higher crime rates

environmental challenges: human and industrial waste

• hard and expensive to manage

• air pollution and chemical contamination

social opportunities

• access to healthcare and education is easier

• community spirit

economic opportunities

• employment opportunities in manufacturing

• incomes in city are higher and more reliable

environmental opportunities

• hosting of major sporting events encouraged investment in sewage works, public transport systems

Dharavi

• urban slum, 1million in 1sq mile

• 16,000 small factories employ 1/4million people

• overcrowding

Mumbai Resettlement Scheme

slum by railway cleared, residents are moved to new housing

Mumbai Slum Sanitation Project

gives 1million people sanitation

• 300 community toilets

• 5100 individual toilets

Mumbai Slum Electrification Project

gives 10,000 slum dwellers new or upgraded electricity, instead of dangerous calor gas

incremental housing strategies

turns slums to permanent housing, families given right to land and grant for improvements