Unit 4: Chemical Reactions and Acids and Bases

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28 Terms

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chemical equation

A representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products

<p>A representation of a chemical reaction that uses symbols to show the relationship between the reactants and the products</p>
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chemical reaction

the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances

<p>the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances</p>
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endothermic reaction

A reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat

<p>A reaction that ABSORBS energy in the form of heat</p>
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exothermic reaction

A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat

<p>A reaction that releases energy in the form of heat</p>
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Matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

<p>Anything that has mass and takes up space</p>
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Mass

the amount of matter in an object

<p>the amount of matter in an object</p>
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Reactant

A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction

<p>A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction</p>
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product

A substance produced in a chemical reaction

<p>A substance produced in a chemical reaction</p>
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precipitate

A solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction.

<p>A solid that forms from a solution during a chemical reaction.</p>
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Law of Conservation of Mass

the law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes

<p>the law that states that mass cannot be created or destroyed in ordinary chemical and physical changes</p>
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Law of Conservation of Matter

Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change

<p>Matter is not created nor destroyed in any chemical or physical change</p>
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single replacement/ displacement reaction

a chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound; AB + C = AC + B

<p>a chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound; AB + C = AC + B</p>
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double replacement/ displacement reaction

a chemical change involving an exchange of positive ions between two compounds; AB + CD = AC + BD

<p>a chemical change involving an exchange of positive ions between two compounds; AB + CD = AC + BD</p>
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synthesis reaction

a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound

<p>a reaction in which two or more substances combine to form a new compound</p>
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decomposition

A chemical reaction that breaks down compounds into simpler products.

<p>A chemical reaction that breaks down compounds into simpler products.</p>
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combustion

A rapid reaction between oxygen and fuel that results in fire

<p>A rapid reaction between oxygen and fuel that results in fire</p>
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chemical formula

A combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance

<p>A combination of chemical symbols and numbers to represent a substance</p>
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chemical name

The name that describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of a compound.

<p>The name that describes the chemical composition and molecular structure of a compound.</p>
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coefficient

A number in front of a chemical formula in an equation that indicates how many molecules or atoms of each reactant and product are involved in a reaction.

<p>A number in front of a chemical formula in an equation that indicates how many molecules or atoms of each reactant and product are involved in a reaction.</p>
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corrosive

eating away gradually

<p>eating away gradually</p>
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Acid

a substance that vigorously reacts with most metals to produce hydrogen, readily conducts electricity, turns litmus red, and has a pH less than 7; typically corrosive or sour-tasting.

<p>a substance that vigorously reacts with most metals to produce hydrogen, readily conducts electricity, turns litmus red, and has a pH less than 7; typically corrosive or sour-tasting.</p>
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Base

a substance that does not react with most metals, readily conducts electricity, turns litmus blue, and has a pH greater than 7; typically feels slippery and is bitter-tasting.

<p>a substance that does not react with most metals, readily conducts electricity, turns litmus blue, and has a pH greater than 7; typically feels slippery and is bitter-tasting.</p>
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hydrogen ion (H+)

a positively charged ion (H+) formed of a hydrogen atom that has lost its electron

<p>a positively charged ion (H+) formed of a hydrogen atom that has lost its electron</p>
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Hydroxide Ion (OH-)

A negatively charged ion made of oxygen and hydrogen (OH-)

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indicator

A compound that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base

<p>A compound that changes color in the presence of an acid or a base</p>
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Neutralization

A reaction of an acid with a base, yielding a solution that is not as acidic or basic as the starting solutions were.

<p>A reaction of an acid with a base, yielding a solution that is not as acidic or basic as the starting solutions were.</p>
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pH scale

scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of 7 to 14 is basic

<p>scale with values from 0 to 14, used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in a solution; a pH of 0 to 7 is acidic, a pH of 7 is neutral, and a pH of 7 to 14 is basic</p>
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Subscript

A number in a chemical formula that tells the number of atoms in a molecule or the ratio of elements in a compound

<p>A number in a chemical formula that tells the number of atoms in a molecule or the ratio of elements in a compound</p>