ARCH 453 - PLANNING 2 ┃PART 5 Elements of Design

1. Urban Structure

2. Urban Grain

3. Density + mix

4. Height + massing

5. Streetscape + landscape

6. Facade + interface

7. Details + materials

What are the 7 Elements of Urban Design

Urban Structure

The overall framework of a region, town or precinct, showing relationships between zones of built forms, land forms, natural environments, activities and open spaces. It encompasses broader systems including transport and infrastructure networks.

Urban Grain

The balance of open space to built form, and the nature and extent of subdividing an area into smaller parcels or blocks. For example a 'fine urban grain' might constitute a network of small or detailed streetscapes. It takes into consideration the hierarchy of street types, the physical linkages and movement between locations, and modes of transport.

Density + Mix

The intensity of development and the range of different uses (such as residential, commercial, institutional or recreational uses).

Height + Massing

The scale of buildings in relation to height and floor area, and how they relate to surrounding land forms, buildings and streets. It also incorporates the building envelope, site coverage and solar orientation. Height and massing create the sense of openness or enclosure, and affect the amenity of streets, spaces and other buildings.

Streetscape + Landscape

The design of public spaces such as streets, open spaces and pathways, and includes landscaping, Streetscape + landscape microclimate, shading and planting.

Facade + Interface

The relationship of buildings to the site, street and neighbouring buildings (alignment, setbacks, boundary treatment) and the architectural expression of their facades (projections, openings, patterns and materials).

Details + Materials

The close-up appearance of objects and surfaces and the selection of materials in terms of detail, craftsmanship, texture, colour, durability, sustainability and treatment. It includes public and private structures and space, street furniture, paving, lighting and signage. It contributes to human comfort, safety and enjoyment of the public or private domain.

Public Realm

Much of urban design is concerned with the design and management of publicly used space (also referred to as the public realm or public domain) and the way this is experienced and used.

Topography, landscape

The natural environment includes the topography of landforms, water and environment

Social + economic fabric

The non-physical aspects of the urban form include social factors (culture, participation, health and well-being) as well as the productive capacity and economic productivity of a community. It