Biology 5 health and disease

Communicable

can be trasnferred between individuals

non-communicable

cannot be transferrred person to person

pathogen

an organism that causes a disease

types of pathogens

-virus

-fungi

-protists

ways pathogens spread

direct contact

by water

airborne=froplet infection

ways to limit spread of pathogens

-improving hygiene

-reducing contact

-removing vectors

-vaccination

STIS/STDS

-chlamydia=bacteria

-HIV=virus

Chalara ash dieback

• leaf loss

• die back of new shoots

• bark lesions.

physical barriers

skin

mucus

cillia

chemical barriers

stomach acid (HCL)

phagocytosis

white blood cells BINDS ENGULFS AND DESTROYS pathogens

producs antitoxins

neutralise toxins released by pathgogens by binding to them

produces antibodies

complementary to a pathogens anitgen

clump pathogens together so its easier for WBC to do phagocytosis

TRIGGER MEMORY LYMPHOCYTES