Gastrointestinal Disorders Review Flashcards

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, Peptic Ulcer Disease, Pyloric Stenosis, and Cleft Lip/Palate based on lecture notes.

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

The backflow of gastric or duodenal contents or both into the esophagus, popularly called heartburn.

Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)

A dysfunctional or incompetent component that allows gastric contents to reflux into the esophagus when its pressure is lowered.

Nissen Fundoplication Surgery

A surgical procedure, performed laparoscopically or open, for patients with GERD or hiatal hernia who are unresponsive to pharmacologic and lifestyle changes.

Barrett's Esophagus

A priority potential complication resulting from chronic Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)

Medications ending in 'ZOLE' that reduce gastric secretions and promote healing; long-term use increases the risk of osteoporosis.

Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)

A break in the mucous lining of the gastric mucosa that thrives in an acidic environment and can occur in several locations.

H. Pylori

A common bacterial cause of ulceration in Peptic Ulcer Disease, diagnosable via breath, blood, stool, or biopsy.

Duodenal Ulcers

The most common type of peptic ulcer, typically occurring in individuals aged $35-45$ years, with epigastric and back pain occurring $2-3$ hrs after eating.

Gastric Ulcers

A type of ulcer occurring in adults over $50$ years, characterized by high epigastric gnawing pain occurring $30-60$ mins after eating.

Triple Therapy

A pharmacologic combination to eradicate H. pylori consisting of Clarithromycin + amoxicillin + PPI.

Quad Therapy

A pharmacologic combination to eradicate H. pylori consisting of Bismuth subsalicylate + tetracycline + metronidazole + PPI.

Pyloric Stenosis

A narrowing of the pyloric canal between the stomach and duodenum that prevents food from passing into the small intestines.

Olive-shaped lump

A physical assessment finding in the umbilicus region indicative of pyloric stenosis.

Projectile vomiting

A priority assessment cue that occurs as pyloric stenosis worsens in infants.

Cleft Lip and Palate

A congenital abnormality involving the incorrect or partial closure of the lip and palate during the second month of pregnancy.

Vermillion border

The junction of the lip and surrounding skin where a notch may form in unilateral or bilateral cleft lip cases.

Special nipples

Priority education tools used for feeding infants with cleft lip and palate to address difficulty feeding.

Histamine Receptor Blockers (H2 blockers)

A class of medication used alongside antacids and PPIs to manage gastric acidity in GERD and PUD.