1.5_QUESTIONED DOCUMENT

Exhibit

is a term used when referring to the specimen standards or questioned which is presented in court as

Reference collection

Material compiled and organized by the document examiner to assist him in answering special questions comprises his __________________ which he regularly maintained.

Writing

it is the result of a very complicated series of acts being as a whole or a combination of certain forms of visible mental and muscular habits acquired by long continued painstaking effort

record

Photograph serves as a _____of the initial conditions of disputed document.

hidden or indistinct.

Photograph makes clear what is otherwise may be ____or_____

enlarged

By means of photographs, a writing in question can be accurately be _____ so that every quality and characteristics of it can be clearly and properly interpreted whether the facts so shown the points to genuineness or forgery.

reproductions

Any number of accurate _______ of the document could be made through photographs, thus affording unlimited opportunity for study, comparison and evaluation by any number of examiners that could not be possible by using the documents alone.

cut apart

Photograph can be ________, as may be desired and the various parts classified for comparison.

delicate discolorations

Photograph is also useful in showing ___________ due to chemical erasures or other fraudulent changes that may be otherwise overlooked or interpreted.

ordinary rubber eraser

Erasure by abrasion made by ____________ can be sometimes be shown clearly and recorded in permanent form by a photograph taken which the paper placed obliquely to the plane of the lens and the plane are inclined at just right angle of reflection so as to show differences in the reflected light from the different portions of the paper surface.

Magnifying lens

Is one of the most commonly used by bank personnel. A magnifying lens of at least five times magnification with built-in lighting and base are found to be more useful.

Stereoscopic binocular microscope

Is an instrument that can show three-dimensional enlargement of the documents or writing under examination.

Measuring test plates

These are ruled or lined transparent glasses which are used in measuring the alignments, slant, spacing, or size of letters, words or the whole writing.

Table lamps

Is an artificial light with adjustable shade just like the goose-neck lamps for controlled illuminations, usually used for sidelight examinations.

Transmitted light gadget

Considered as one of the powerful instruments used in laboratory. It is a built-box, with a bulb place inside and the strong source of light will be transmitted either to the back or bottom of the document under examination.

Ultraviolet lamp

Is an artificial lamp with its radiation capable of creating a fluorescence depending upon the material under consideration. Their wavelengths appear just before the blue-violet color of the visible spectrum.

Fluorescence

is the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light or other electromagnetic radiation

Infrared-viewer

Is another artificial light with its wavelength appear beyond the red portion of the visible spectrum. This is an instrument that best in deciphering obliterated forms of writings and additions of writing or ink strokes in a document.

Iodine fuming apparatus

is one of the traditional development methods generally used on porous materials such as paper and cardboard, and is usually applied before ninhydrin or silver nitrate processing.