Oral Pathology II - Developmental Conditions and Mucosal Lesions

A comprehensive vocabulary flashcard set covering developmental oral conditions, reactive lesions, and infectious mucosal pathology based on the lecture notes.

Cleft Lip

Developmental defect occurring in approximately 1 in 1,000 births due to a lack of fusion between the medial nasal process and maxillary process.

Unilateral Cleft Lip

Cleft lip occurring on one side, accounting for approximately $80\%$ of cleft lip cases.

Bilateral Cleft Lip

Cleft lip occurring on both sides, accounting for approximately $20\%$ of cleft lip cases.

Medial Nasal Process

Embryonic facial process whose lack of fusion with the maxillary process results in cleft lip.

Maxillary Process

Embryonic structure that fuses with the medial nasal process during lip formation and forms palatal shelves for secondary palate development.

Fronto-nasal Process

Embryonic facial prominence positioned superiorly above the stomodeum.

Stomodeum

The primitive embryonic oral cavity opening.

Lateral Nasal Process

Embryonic facial prominence involved in forming the lateral aspects of the nose.

Globular Process

Embryonic structure derived from the medial nasal prominence involved in upper lip and primary palate formation.

Mandibular Arch

First pharyngeal arch responsible for lower jaw development.

Hyomandibular Cleft

Embryonic cleft situated posterior to the mandibular arch.

Cleft Palate

Developmental condition occurring in approximately 1 in 2,000 births caused by a lack of fusion between palatal shelves.

Palatal Shelves

Embryonic structures derived from the maxillary prominence that fuse to form the secondary palate.

Intermaxillary Segment

Embryonic segment formed by the fusion of medial nasal prominences that gives rise to the primary palate.

Primary Palate

The palatine part of the intermaxillary segment.

Secondary Palate

The palatine part of the maxillary prominence formed by the palatal shelves.

Lip Pits

Developmental invaginations located at the commissures or near the midline of the lips.

Van der Woude Syndrome

Developmental condition characterized by the combination of oral clefts and lip pits.

Fordyce Granules

Completely benign ectopic sebaceous glands located in the buccal or labial mucosa requiring no treatment.

Ectopic Sebaceous Glands

Enlarged oil glands situated in hairless mucosa regions, such as Fordyce granules on the vermillion border.

Fordyce Granules

White-yellow colored papules frequently found on the lips and oral mucosa.

Dyslipidemia

Systemic risk factor associated with the presence of enlarged ectopic sebaceous glands.

Micro-punch Surgery

Surgical technique listed as a treatment option for Fordyce granules.

Leukoedema

White or whitish-gray edematous lesion of the buccal mucosa that dissipates when the cheek is stretched.

Lingual Thyroid

Thyroid tissue mass located at the midline base of the tongue along the embryonic path of thyroid descent.

Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

Midline neck swelling located along the embryonic path of thyroid descent due to an improper path of thyroid migration.

Geographic Tongue

Benign mucosal condition also known as benign migratory glossitis and erythema migrans.

Benign Migratory Glossitis

Synonym for geographic tongue characterized by white annular lesions surrounding red islands that move over time.

Erythema Migrans

Alternate terminology for geographic tongue.

Fissured Tongue

Condition characterized by folds, furrows, and deep prominent grooves on the tongue dorsum.

Melkersson-Rosenthal Syndrome

Triad of fissured tongue, granulomatous cheilitis, and facial paralysis.

Granulomatous Cheilitis

Component of Melkersson-Rosenthal syndrome alongside fissured tongue and facial paralysis.

Angioma

Tumors composed of blood vessels or lymph vessels.

Cherry Angioma

Red mole also known as cherry hemangioma, senile angioma, or Campbell de Morgan spot.

Campbell de Morgan Spot

Alternative name for cherry angioma.

Hemangioma

Congenital focal proliferation of capillaries that typically undergoes involution.

Involution

Spontaneous regression process characteristic of most congenital capillary hemangiomas.

Superficial Hemangioma

Subtype of benign vascular tumor affecting superficial capillaries.

Deep Hemangioma

Subtype of hemangioma involving deeper capillary structures.

Combined Hemangioma

Hemangioma subtype exhibiting both superficial and deep capillary features.

Lymphangioma

Congenital focal proliferation of lymph vessels appearing as purple spots on the tongue.

Cystic Hygroma

Term used to describe a lymphangioma when it occurs in the neck.

Sturge-Weber Syndrome

Encephalo-trigeminal angiomatosis featuring angiomas of the leptomeninges and skin along the trigeminal nerve distribution.

Leptomeninges

The arachnoid and pia mater brain membranes affected by angiomas in Sturge-Weber syndrome.

Encephalo-trigeminal Angiomatosis

Alternate name for Sturge-Weber syndrome.

Exostoses

Excessive cortical bone growth on facial or oral bone surfaces.

Tori

Specific forms of excessive cortical bone outgrowths found in the oral cavity.

Dermoid Cyst

Mass with a doughy consistency located in the midline floor of the mouth (if above mylohyoid) or upper neck (if below mylohyoid).

Mylohyoid Muscle Boundary

Anatomical muscle layer that determines whether a dermoid cyst presents in the floor of the mouth or upper neck.

Dermoid Cyst Adnexal Structures

Structures contained within a dermoid cyst, specifically hair and sebaceous glands.

Branchial Cyst

Epithelial cyst within a cervical lymph node presenting as a lateral neck swelling lined by stratified squamous epithelium.

Stratified Squamous Epithelium

The specific epithelial lining type found in branchial cysts.

Oral Lymphoepithelial Cyst

The intraoral equivalent of a branchial cyst, consisting of an epithelial cyst within lymphoid tissue oral mucosa

Palatine and lingual tonsils

Common regions for oral lymphoepithelial cysts, specifically the

Stafne Bone Defect

Radiolucency in the posterior mandible below the mandibular canal caused by a lingual concavity of the jaw.

Nasopalatine Duct Cyst

Heart-shaped radiolucency in the nasopalatine canal caused by cystification of canal remnants.

Globulomaxillary Lesion

Clinical term denoting any radiolucency located between the maxillary canine and lateral incisor.

Globulomaxillary Cyst (Historical Concept)

Historically thought to be a fissural cyst from trapped epithelium during fusion of the globular and maxillary processes.

Traumatic Bone Cyst

Also called simple bone cyst or idiopathic bone cavity; presents as a large radiolucency scalloped around roots with no epithelial lining (dead space) in mandible of teenagers)

Reactive Mucosal Lesions

Category of oral mucosal lesions caused by physical and chemical injuries.

Linea Alba

White line in the buccal mucosa caused by focal hyperkeratosis due to chronic friction.

Focal Hyperkeratosis

Mucosal keratin thickening resulting from chronic mechanical friction, as seen in linea alba.

Erosion

An incomplete break through the oral epithelium.

Ulcer

A complete break through the oral epithelium.

Traumatic Ulcer

Very common reactive lesion resulting from physical mucosal injury.

Chemical Burn

Mucosal injury caused by agents such as aspirin, hydrogen peroxide, silver nitrate, or phenol.

Aspirin Chemical Burn

Chemical mucosal burn presenting with a white sloughing appearance of the tissue.

Nicotine Stomatitis

Palatal mucosal lesion featuring red dots that represent inflamed salivary duct openings.

Inflamed Salivary Duct Openings

The red dots observed on the hard palate in nicotine stomatitis.

Reverse Smoking

Smoking habit with the lighted end held inside the mouth, making nicotine stomatitis premalignant.

Amalgam Tattoo

Traumatic implantation of amalgam particles into mucosa, visible as tiny radiopaque particles on x-ray.

Smoking-associated Melanosis

Brown, diffuse, irregular macules typically in the anterior gingiva caused by tobacco chemicals stimulating melanocytes.

Melanotic Macule

Benign hyperpigmentation in the mucous membrane, described as a mucosal freckle.

Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome

Condition characterized by oral freckles (melanotic macules) combined with intestinal polyps.

Intestinal Polyps

Systemic involvement associated with oral mucosal macules in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

Hairy Tongue

Condition characterized by elongated filiform papillae on the dorsal surface of the tongue.

Elongated Filiform Papillae

Histological modification responsible for the appearance of hairy tongue.

Dentifrice-associated Sloughing

Oral mucosal peeling related to exposure to Sodium Lauryl Sulfate in toothpaste.

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate

Surfactant ingredient in toothpaste responsible for dentifrice-associated sloughing.

Submucosal Hemorrhage

Extravascular hemorrhagic mucosal lesions that do not blanch on a diascopy test.

Diascopy Test

Diagnostic test where vascular lesions (hemangiomas) blanch, while extravascular submucosal hemorrhages do not blanch.

Petechiae

$1\,\text{mm}$ submucosal hemorrhages caused by Valsalva maneuver, violent coughing, or fellatio.

Purpura

Submucosal hemorrhagic lesions slightly larger than petechiae.

Ecchymosis

Submucosal hemorrhagic bruise measuring $1\,\text{cm}$ or bigger.

Hematoma

Mass of blood within tissue caused by oral mucosal trauma, such as an anesthetic needle injection.

Primary HSV Infection

Pan-oral, self-limiting childhood infection caused by Herpes Simplex Virus, treated with palliative care.

Trigeminal Ganglion HSV Latency

Anatomical site where Herpes Simplex Virus resides latently between disease reactivations.

Recurrent Extraoral Herpes

Herpes labialis (cold sore or fever blister) occurring on the vermillion border.

Recurrent Intraoral Herpes

Recurrent HSV lesions occurring specifically on keratinized oral mucosa like the attached gingiva and hard palate.

Keratinized Oral Mucosa

Specific tissue type (attached gingiva, hard palate) affected by recurrent intraoral herpes.

HSV Reactivation Triggers

Factors including stress, sunlight, and immunosuppression that induce viral reactivation.

HSV-1

Herpes Simplex Virus type 1, causing infections typically located above the waist.

HSV-2

Herpes Simplex Virus type 2, causing infections typically located below the waist.

Herpetic Whitlow

Herpes simplex virus infection of the finger; dentist should avoid contact with patients until it resolves.

Herpes Gladiatorum

Herpes simplex virus infection occurring on the head.

Acyclovir

Antiviral medication indicated for HSV treatment when administered during the prodromal period.

Prodromal Period

Early symptomatic stage during which antiviral therapy with acyclovir is effective.

Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)

Virus whose primary infection causes varicella (chicken pox) and whose recurrent reactivation causes herpes zoster (shingles).

Varicella

Primary VZV infection, also known as chicken pox, which is self-limiting and occurs in childhood.

Herpes Zoster

Recurrent VZV infection, also known as shingles.