CLINICAL CHEMISTRY - EXAM REVIEW

lobule

basic hepatic unit

the liver is the…

largest gland in the body

portal vascular system

enables liver to be a metabolic organ

all nutrients from digestion in GI tract pass through liver before entering general circulation

nutrient rich blood contains substrates required for all liver functions

hepatocytes are..

liver cellls

hepatocytes

intake output system via direct contact with bloodstream and bile canaliculi

dependant on good blood profusion

no two hepatocytes are identical, but all of them….

contain organelles that synthesize enzymes

cellular surface modified to secrete bile

reticulendothelial system is made of … cells

kupffer cells 

they line the sinusoids

kupffer cells

fixed cells

detox blood circulating through sinusoids

sinusoids

network of passages through the liver that allow blood from portal vein to circulate through tissue back to central vein

where does waste from kupffer cells go

into the biliary network

biliary network

portals of progressively increasing size throughout the lobule

will eventually join to form the extra hepatic bile duct

what 5things does the liver synthesize

bile

proteins

carbohydrates

lipids

clotting factors

secretory function of liver

secretion of bile

path of bile secretion:

bile canuliculi

v

gallbladder

v

duodenum

cholestasis

blockage of bile duct

stoppage of bile

either intra or extrahepatic blockage

intrahepatic blockage

within cells

extrahepatic blockage

within bile duct

liver disorders are generally … or …

excretory or synthetic

excretory dysfunction

like bile secretion related

synthetic dysfunction

production of protein related for example

3 categories of liver testing

tests functional capacity of liver

tests serum activity of enzymes

supplemental diagnostic procedures

ammonia and urea levels with liver dysfunction

ammonia = HIGH

urea = LOW

LACK OF CONVERSION

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