Intro to SOC 200 nova final models5

Social Stratification

Society's categorization of its people into rankings based on factors like wealth.

Social economic status

is a person's or group's economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education, and occupation.

wealth

The net value of money and assets a person has

income

A persons wages or invest dividends

closed system

Accommodate little change in social status or mobility.

Closed systems

Caste, slavery, estate

open systems

Social mobility is possible and individuals can change their social status.

Caste system

A type of social stratification characterized by rigid boundaries and limited social mobility, where individuals are born into a specific caste that dictates their social status and life opportunities.

Class system

A type of social stratification where individuals can move between classes based on achieved status, such as education, occupation, and income, allowing for greater social mobility than in a caste system.

class

A set of people who share similar status

exogamous marriage

is a marriage between individuals from different social or cultural groups, often aimed at promoting alliances or broadening social ties.

endogamous marriage

is a marriage between individuals from the same social or cultural group, often reinforcing community ties and maintaining social status.

meritocracy

A social system where individuals succeed based on their talents and efforts, rather than their social class or background.

status constancy

the consistency, or lack thereof, of an individual’s rank across social categories like wealth, power, and prestige

Class traits

are the characteristics and behaviors that are associated with a specific social class, influencing lifestyle, values, and interactions. They can include education, occupation, and consumption patterns.

Social Mobility

the ability to change positions within a social stratification system

upward mobility

AN increase in social status

downward Mobility

a decrease in social status, often resulting from factors such as job loss, economic downturns, or changes in family circumstances.

Intergational mobility

Families that belong to different classes

Intragratenal mobility

Movement of individuals within their own generation between social classes.

structural mobility

A shift in social status due to structural changes in society, such as economic shifts or labor market changes that affect large groups.

Standard of living

The level of wealth available to require necessities

What percent of wealth is held by the top 1%

1/3

What percent of wealth does the bottom 50% hold

2%

Feminization of poverty

The phenomenon where women represent a disproportionate share of those living in poverty, often due to factors such as wage gaps, single parenthood, and lack of access to education and employment. bsoA

Absolute poverty

A condition where individuals lack enough financial resources to meet basic needs for survival, such as food, shelter, and clothing.

Relative poverty

When families make less then 50% the mean income

Poverty Line

The minimum income level deemed adequate to maintain a standard of living in a certain country, used to determine eligibility for assistance programs.

Global Stratification

Compares the wealth status and power of nations

GNP

(Gross National Product) is the total value of all goods and services produced by a country's residents in a given time period, including income from abroad.

GDP

(Gross Domestic Product) is the total value of all goods and services produced within a country's borders in a given time period, excluding income generated from abroad.

What percent of women make up poverty

56%

What kind of poverty is the united states referred to as

relative

What is SNAP

(Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program) is a federal assistance program that provides low-income individuals and families with funds to purchase food.

What is TANF

(Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) is a federal assistance program that provides financial support to low-income families with children.

Social Mobility through conflict theory

is the idea that individuals' social class positions can change due to the tensions and struggles within society, impacting their opportunities and resources.

Social mobility through the functionalist theory

is the concept that social mobility is a necessary function of society, promoting stability and integration by allowing individuals to move up or down the social hierarchy based on merit and abilities.

global inequality

refers to the disparities in wealth, resources, and opportunities available to individuals and groups across the world, often resulting from historical, economic, and social factors.

Gini Coefficient

is a statistical measure of income inequality within a population, ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality). It helps to assess how evenly income is distributed among individuals.

what is the international poverty Line

1.90 a day

social inequalities

involves disparities based on social factors such as race, gender, education, and health, affecting individuals' access to resources and opportunities.

economic discrepacys’s

refer to the differences in income and wealth among individuals and groups in a society, often leading to unequal access to essential resources and opportunities.

gender inequality

refers to the unequal treatment or perceptions of individuals based on their gender, often resulting in disparities in rights, responsibilities, and opportunities in various aspects of life.

first world countries

are nations with advanced economies, high standards of living, and strong infrastructure, typically characterized by significant industrialization and higher levels of education.

third world countries

are nations with developing economies, lower standards of living, and often face challenges such as poverty and limited access to healthcare and education.

capitol flight

is the large-scale exit of financial assets or capital from one country to another, often due to economic instability or unfavorable financial conditions, impacting development and investment.

chattel slavery

is a form of slavery where individuals are treated as personal property to be bought and sold, often for labor purposes, particularly in the context of historic agricultural economies.

core nations

are the most economically developed countries that dominate global trade and finance, characterized by advanced technology, high productivity, and strong political power.

debt accumulation

refers to the gradual build-up of an individual's or nation's financial obligations, often resulting from borrowing over time, which can lead to significant financial strain if not managed properly.

debt bondage

is a form of forced labor where an individual is obliged to work to pay off a debt, often leading to conditions of exploitation and servitude.

deindustrialization

is the process of declining industrial activity in a region or economy, often resulting in job losses and economic restructuring as manufacturing jobs are relocated or diminished.

extreme poverty

is a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, including food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education, and information, which significantly hampers individual and communal welfare.

dependency theory

is a theory that explains the economic development of countries in terms of their dependence on wealthier nations, suggesting that this relationship perpetuates inequality and hinders growth in poorer countries.

modernization theory

is a theory that explains the process of social and economic development in which societies move from a state of traditionalism to modernity, often through industrialization and technological advancement, leading to increased standards of living.

peripheral nations

are countries that are less developed and often dependent on more developed nations, experiencing limited economic growth and integration into the global economy.

semi-peripheral nations

in-between nations, not powerful enough to dictate policy but acting as a major source of raw materials and an expanding middle class marketplace

underground economy

an unregulated economy of labor and goods that operates outside of governance, regulatory systems, or human protections