NBCD Mock Board Exam 2021

True.

True or False. Pregnancy increases BMR.

False

True or False. Puberty decreases BMR.

False

True or False. Fasting increases BMR.

False.

True or False. Females have higher BMR than males.

Leptin, neuropeptide Y

_____ is a hormone that diminishes appetite and increases energy expenditure while ____ increases appetite and decreases energy expenditure.

True.

True or False. Amino acids are deaminated first into ketoacid before they can be used for energy.

False.

True or False. The deamination of amino acids takes place in kidneys.

Energy production

Which of the ff is not a metabolic pathway of cholesterol?

Secretion of bile

Excretion of feces

Energy production

Hormone production

Hexokinase

This enzyme allows the brain and erythrocytes to utilize glucose even in the state of low concentrations.

All of the above

WHich of the ff are the sources of acetyl CoA?

Boxidation of fatty acids

Oxidative decarboxylation

Ketogenic amino acids

niacin, riboflavin

NAD+ contains______ while FAD contains ________

Substrate level phosphorylation

Phosphoglycerate kinase functions in carbohydrate metabolism to produce ATP via:

Vitamin D, cholesterol

Under the influence of sunlight, ______ is synthesized in our skin from ________.

True

Vitamin loss increase due to increased exposure to high temperature or sunshine during storage, increased length of storage, and increased exposure to air.

False

Vitamin loss increases due to cooking below the temperature of boiling water with excessive agitation.

reacting directly with superoxide and hydroxyl radicals.

A mechanism by which Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant to protect the body is by:

Vitamin B1

The deficiency of this vitamin causes Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrone.

Calcium

Which nutrient diminishes the absorption of fluoride?

Mg

Fe

Ca

Mn

0.5

Percent of iron left unabsorved when iron-rich foods are taken with coffee or tea.

Chromium

This mineral potentiates the action of insulin, allowing glucose entry into cells, and facilitates insulin binding to cell surfaces.

Lipids

Which is not a part of the body's buffer system that prevent drastic pH change in the blood?

bicarbonate-carbonic system

protein

lipids

phosphate system

Aldosterone, vasopressin

______ stimulates sodium retention while ____ stimulates water retention.

True.

True or False. Indoles are phytochemicals present in broccoli and other cruciferous vegetables that trigger enzyme production that blocks DNA damange from carcinogens.

True

Indoles may also inhibit estrogen action.

Phytic acid

Phytochemicals found in whole grains that bind to minerals and prevent free radical formation

Flavonoids

Phytochemicals found in berries, black tea, and citrus fruits that act as antioxidants and scavenge carcinogens.

growth hormone and insulin-like factors provision

Which is needed when the body experiences stress?

-Minimum calorie

- Low protein

- Fat-soluble vitamins and supplementation

- Growth hormone and insulin-like factors provision

20-25% of TER of 2.5-3 g/kg

The recommended high protein regimen for wound healing (2)

mobilization of free fatty acids

High cortisol stimulates_______

Choose one:

-mobilization of free fatty acid

the use of glucose except for the brain

retention of water

retention of sodium

Sodium

These nutrients are essential for wound healing except:

glutamine

arginine

sodium

vitamin C

Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA)

A polyunsaturated fatty acid found especially in fish oils decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine production.

All of the above

Which of the ff is/are nutritional effects of chemotherapy?

Dysguesia

Diarrhea and constipation

Esophagitis with dysphagia

Dumping syndrome

A common side effect of gastric resection

Fava beans

Which of these is not allowed in tyramine-restricted diets?

grapefruit juice

fava beans

simple sugars

banana

Copper, Iron

Wilson's disease is the inability of the body to metabolize _____ while hemochromatosis is a disorder in ________.

growth failure

Which of the ff is a symptom of galactosemia?

Growth failure

Mental retardation

Apathy

lack of pigmentation

All of the above

Which of the following are included in the nutrition management of peptic ulcers?

Decrease consumption of alcohol

Decrease consumption of spices

Decrase consumption of coffee and caffeine.

Fresh salad

A patient is receiving treatment for Crohn's disease. Which food found on the patient's food tray should the patient avoid?

Probiotics

Products that contain live microorganisms in sufficient numbers to alter intestinal microflora and promote intestinal microbial balance are known as:

False.

T/F. megaloblastic anemia is clinically manifested by nueropathy.

False.

T/F. Vitamin E is required for the dietary management of megaloblastic anemia.

ceruloplasm is lacking

In copper-deficiency anemia, iron can not be released because:

Rheumatoid arthritis

An immunologic disease of the joints and related structures.

Bone mineral density

it describes the bone after the developmental period is completed and often used for bone monitoring in adults.

Irregular bones

The vertebrae and bones of the jaw are classified as _______ because of their shapes.

A only

Which is/are dietary management/s for Parkinson's disease?

A. Adjusted food consistency to facilitate chewing or swallowing; adequate fiber and fluid; limit dietary protein at breakfast and lunch for the patient; avoid foods that contain l-dopa

B. Adjusted food consistency depending on tolerance; nutrient-dense food; small frequent feeding.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis / ALS

It is also known as Lou Gehrig disease.

A only

Dietary management/s for typhoid fever inlcude/s which of the ff:

A. High kcal, high fluids, low fiber

B. High kcal, high protein, Na and fluid controlled, vitamin and mineral.

C. High kcal, high protein, fat-restricted.

low fat

Which is not general dietary management for fevers and infections?

high kcal

high protein

increase fluids

low fat

fiber restricted

Which is not a dietary recommendation for AIDS?

high calorie

high protein

fat controlled

fiber restricted

fat-restricted

Which is not a dietary recommendation for Dengue fever?

high calorie

high protein

adjusted food consistency depending on tolerance

fat-restricted

A and C

Significant weight loss is defined as:

A. 5% over a month

B. >5% over 1 month

C. 7.5% over 3 months

D. >7.5% over 3 months

B and D

Severe weight loss is defined as:

A. 5% over a month

B. >5% over 1 month

C. 7.5% over 3 months

D. >7.5% over 3 months

A and B

Which is/are dietary management for children with malnutrition?

A. Aim at 100 to 200 Calories per kg of actual body weight.

B. For fluid: Allow 120-150 mL per kg ABW.

C. use food items that promote early satiety

minimal problem in brain development

Which is not a characteristic of marasmus?

low disease resistance

occurs most commonly in children aged 6-18 months

minimal problem in brain development

results in little or no fat under the skin to insulate against cold.

NPO, enxyme replacement, low fat, avoidance of stimulants

Dietary management for pancreatitis.

Ascites

It refers to the sccumulation of fluids in the abdominal cavity.

Low fat

Dietary recommendation for biliary dyskinesia caused by increased contraction of the gallbladder.

1.50 g/kg

Protein recommendation for wound healing (NPC)

burns exceeding 20% of the body surface area

Aggressive nutrition support is required for burned patients with:

Amphetamines

Which of the ff may supperss the appetite?

Digitalis

A drug that may cause nausea and vomiting.

Aspirin

This may decrease folate levels

Restrict source of precursor

Nutrition inervention for a patient with an inborn error of metabolism if there is an accumulation of precursor to toxic levels.

Phenex-1

Milk substitute given for patient with phenylketonuria.

A only.

Which of the ff is a well-written nutrition diagnostic statement?

A. Inadequate energy intake related to chewing difficulty as evidenced by energy intake adequacy of 55%

B. Inadequate energy intake due to decreased appetitie that leads to weight loss.

None of the above

Which of the ff. is NOT a source of data for nutrition assessment?

Family history

medical record

Referral form

None of the above.

290 mOsm/kg

The osmolality of body fluids.

All of the above (?)

Which of the ff statement/s is/are true in describing carbohydrates in EN?

Usually corn syrup solids

Hydrolyzed formulas from cornstarch or maltodextrin

Sucrose added in formulas meant for oral consumption

All of the above

None of the above

Not included in the list of complications to watch out in EN.

Aspiration/tube displacements/clogged tube

Diarrhea/constipation

Dehydration

None of the above

Fish and chicken leg

Which of the ff foods are considered high in biologic value?

Tofu and chicken leg

Fish and chicken leg

Fish and beans

Chicken and cured ham

0.28 g/kg/day with EAA supplementation

What is the protein recommendation if the patient's GFR is

18.5 mL/min

Compute for the GFR of a male patient, 65 years old, stands 5'5", and dry weight of 48 kg. Serum creatinine is 5.0 mg/dL.

0.28 g/kg/day with EAA supplementation

What is the protein requrement for a male, 65 years old, stands 5'5", and dry weight of 48 kg. Serum creatinine is 5.0 mg/dL.

NCP

A systematic method intended to standardize nutrition care for clients.

Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation

The RDN is reviewing patient understanding and adherence to a prescribed consistent carbohydrate diet. In 3 months, their Hg A1C is reviewed and their progress toward the target range is evaluated. This describes which step in the Nutrition Care Process?

9-12%

Water losses of _______ of total body weight can be fatal.

122-160 beats

If Ms. MPA is 32 years old, what is her healthy heart rate range?

Energy bars

Easy-to-digest snack foods that are rich in CHO but generally low in protein, fiber, and many other nutrients found in a well-balanced diet.

Recovery drinks

Designed to maximize post-workoutrefueling of muscle glycogen; promote greater recovery of muscle energy and muscle protein resynthesis than carbohydrate drinks.

high CHON and low CHO diet

Which is not a dietary recommendation for a marathon?

-provide CHO to burn during distance walking days

-high CHON diets with minimum CHOs are not recommended for distance athletes

-stick with the traditional balanced diet of 15-20% CHON, 30% Fat, and 50-55% CHO

-high CHON and low CHO

Liquid diets

Which of the ff is TRUE for the nutritional management of esophageal obstruction?

Liquid diets

Low fat diet

Low calorie

High CHON

High Fat diet

Dietary management of gastric secretory disturbances includes the ff except:

complex CHO

low fat diet

low CHON

high fat diet.

Medical Nutrition Therapy

Described as an evidenced-based application of the NCP.

Diet Therapy

CLinical Dietetics

Nutrition

Medical Nutrition Therapy

true.

T/F. Basal Energy Expenditure (BEE) is highest in the first years of life

true

T/F. Basal energy expenditure (BEE) is measured in the fasted state.

false

T/F. Loss of muscle in old age which may lead to decreased BEE is inevitable

Bioelectric Impedance

All of the ff are scanning laboratory techniques used to measure body composition, except

Bioelectric Impeadnce

Computerized Tomography

Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Overweight

height: 5'7"

weight: 75

What is the patient's nutritional status using the WHO criteria for BMI?

Poor

HbA1C - 9%

The HbA1c test is indicative of ________ glucose control.

The amount of CHO consumed and the timing of meals and snacks are consistent

What does a consistent carbohydrate diet mean?

35 grams

How much should a fiber intake per day be for high fiber diet?

Age, Family history, and Race

A 32-year old nurse was referred to the Nutrition Clinic for nutrition counseling. Her medical record shows that she is currently in her second trimester and that she was diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (her blood glucose level was high based on OGTTand FBG results). Other information noted were: family history of diabetes mellitus (her father has Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus); her BMI prior to her pregnancy was 32; Asian descent.

Whare are the non modifiable risk factors of GDN present in the patient?

A. Age

B. Family history of DM

C. Pre-pregnancy BMI

D. Race

true

T/F. Type 1 DM is an autoimmune disorder

Low income

Which of the ff is an immediate cause of malnutrition?

Inadequate intake

Maternal and child care

Disease

Low income

None of the above

Which is not true about enzymes?

A. Chemical substances from the endocrine glands that can stimulate reactions in the body.

B. Inorganic and proteinaceous catalysts of biochemical reactions.

C. Facilitate the making and breaking of bonds in chemical reactions.

D. Identified by the place they come from and the compounds they work on.

All of the abovee

Which of the ff happens in the oral cavity during digestion?

A. Food mastication

B. Salivary glands lubricating the food

C. Tongue tastes and moves the food around

D. Produced an end product called a bolus.

Mucus secretion forms a protective coat over the mucosa

how can the stomach protect itself from the strong acidity of HCl?

Linoleic acid

An essential fatty acid derived from plant oils such as corn oil.

Micelle

The complex formed when bile salts combine with lipid material to facilitate digestion.