Kinesiology Study Guide

Where do all the hamstring muscles attach?

Ischial tuberosity

What muscles are involved with TMJD?

Masseter, temporalis, lateral/medial pterygoid.

Which adductor muscle is the only one that crosses two joints?

Gracilis

What is another term for swayback?

Lordosis

What tendon is the strongest in the body?

Achilles

An enlargement near or above a condyle is called a what?

Epicondyle

A large rounded, knuckle shaped projection that usually articulates with another bone to form a joint is called what?

Condyle

The enlarged, rounded end of a bone is called what?

Head

What is a prominent projection or prolongation from a bone called?

Process

What is a ridge or linear elevation on a bone called?

Crest

What is a narrow elevation on a bone and is less prominent than a crest called?

Line

What is a large rounded projection found only on the femur called?

Trochanter

What muscle is the strongest muscle in the body by proportional size?

Masseter

What are the widest muscles in the body and are known as the “swimmers muscles” due to their actions?

Latissimus dorsi

What occurs when the serratus anterior has paralysis resulting in medial movement of the scapula?

Winged scapula

What muscle may lead to frozen shoulder due to myofascial trigger points that could lead to shoulder immobility?

Subscapularis

What is the attachment site for occipitofrontalis?

Galea aponeurotica

Which muscle is referred to as the “tailor’s muscle”?

Sartorius

What muscle is inferior to biceps brachii and is called the “workhorse elbow flexor”?

Brachialis

What is golfers elbow?

Medial epicondylitis

What is the triangular depression on the back of the hand at the base of the thumb called?

Anatomic snuff box

What is the medial forearm bone called?

Ulna

What is the largest sesamoid bone?

Patella

What muscle attaches to the external occipital protuberance, superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, and spinous processes C7 -T12?

Trapezius

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Phrenic nerve

What is the ridge on the posterior aspect of the femur to which several muscles of the thigh attach and is composed of medial and lateral lips?

Linea aspera

What is the medial lower leg bone called?

Tibia

What is the “key” that unlocks the knee?

Popliteus

Which muscles comprise the erector spinae?

Spinalis, longissimus, iliocostalis.

What is the study of human motion?

Kinesiology

A linear edge of a bone is called what?

Border

What is a projecting corner of a bone called?

Angle

What muscle originates on the medial and lateral epicondyles of the femur on the poster side, where two muscle bellies join together at the calcaneal tendon and insert at the calcaneus? Sometimes referred to as the “toe dancers muscle”.

Gastrocnemius

What muscles would be responsible for conditions such as thoracic outlet syndrome where the brachial plexus, subclavian artery and veins are compressed due to them being hypertonic?

Pectoralis minor, scalenes

What muscle is affected the most with Bell’s Palsy that it becomes paralyzed and causes slurred speech?

Buccinator

What rotator cuff muscle is most affected if a person suffers from a tear?

Supraspinatus

What muscle is sometimes called the “neurovascular entrapper” and is most commonly implicated in thoracic outlet syndrome?

Pectoralis minor

What muscles make up the pes anserinus, sometimes called “goose foot?”

Gracilis, semitendinosis, sartorius.

What is the longest muscle in the body?

Sartorius

What muscle is the synergist to the subscapularis and does the same movement?

Latissimus dorsi

Which muscles make up the hamstrings?

Biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosis

Which of the quadriceps muscles passes over two joints?

Rectus femoris

A knob like protrusion from a bone is called what?

Protuberance

What is a sharp and slender projection on a bone called?

Spine

What is a small, flattened, shallow depression that articulates with another bone?

Facet

What is a cavity or hollow space in a bone called?

Sinus

Which bone is most commonly fractured?

Clavicle

What bones make up the shoulder girdle?

Clavicle, scapula

What joint is between the clavicle and scapula?

Acromioclavicular joint

What joint connects the upper extremity with the axial skeleton?

Sternoclavicular joint

Each pelvic bone consists of three paired fused bones. Name them.

Ilium, ischium, Pubis.

What is a long branch like prolongation called?

Ramus

These muscles occasionally fuse to form a single muscle and attach to the medial border of the scapula and retracts it.

Rhomboids

What muscle attaches to the transverse processes of C1-C4 and the medial border of the scapula from superior angle to root of the spine?

Levator scapulae

What is an elongated projection called?

Ridge

What is the opening through a bone and usually serves as a passageway for blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments called?

Foramen

What is a shallow depression on the bone called?

Fossa

What is a linear depression accommodating another structure called?

Groove

What is a deep indentation or narrow gap in a bone called?

Notch

What bones form the elbow joint?

Humorus, radius, Ulna

Which bone is the longest, heaviest and strongest bone in the body?

Femur

What muscles make up the rotator cuff?

Supraspinatus, Teres minor, infraspinatus, subscapularis

What shoulder muscle can be an antagonist to itself?

Deltoid

What muscle is called the “corkscrew muscle” because two of its actions are used when opening a bottle with a corkscrew?

Biceps brachii

Which two muscles are called the “boxer’s muscles” because they work together to extend the elbow when throwing a punch?

Triceps, serratus anterior

Which muscle is the strongest hip flexor?

Psoas major

In approximately 15% of the population, all or part of the sciatic nerve passes through this muscle.

Piriformis

Torticollis occurs when this muscle is in spasm.

Sternocleidomastoid

Which muscle is the “six-pack” muscle?

Rectus abdominous