Lecture 7: Electronics

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Semiconductors

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25 Terms

1

Semiconductors

Materials with electrical conducting properties between conductors and insulators, used in modern electronics.

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2

Doping

The addition of impurities to a semiconductor to change its electrical properties.

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3

n-type semiconductors

Semiconductors doped with donor impurities, having an excess of negative charge carriers.

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4

p-type semiconductors

Semiconductors doped with acceptor impurities, having positive charge carriers.

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5

p-n junction

A junction formed where n-type and p-type semiconductors connect.

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6

Depletion region

The area in a semiconductor junction that has no charge carriers.

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7

Forward Biased

Condition when a diode allows current to flow freely.

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8

Reverse Biased

Condition when a diode blocks current flow, except for a small leakage.

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9

Rectification

The process of converting alternating current (a.c.) to direct current (d.c.).

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10

Capacitance

The ability of a capacitor to store charge, measured in farads.

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11

Energy stored in a capacitor

Calculated by the equation E = ½ QV or E = ½ CV².

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12

Capacitors in Series

The total capacitance in a series circuit is found using 1/Ce = 1/C1 + 1/C2 + 1/C3.

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13

Capacitors in Parallel

Total capacitance in a parallel circuit is the sum of all capacitances: Ce = C1 + C2 + C3.

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14

Transistor

An electronic component that can act as a switch or amplifier in circuits.

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15

Logic Gates

Circuits that use transistors as high-speed switches, producing specific electrical outputs.

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16

NOT Gate

A logic gate that outputs high if the input is low, and vice versa.

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17

AND Gate

Outputs high only when both inputs are high.

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18

OR Gate

Outputs low only when both inputs are low.

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19

NAND Gate

Outputs low only when both inputs are high.

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20

NOR Gate

Outputs high only when both inputs are low.

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21

Integrated Circuits (ICs)

Circuits consisting of multiple electronic components on a single silicon chip.

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22

Microprocessor

A miniature version of the CPU of a digital computer, controlling various functions.

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23

Acoustic Coupling

Using sound waves for data transmission between devices.

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24

Logic Level 1

Represents high voltage output in logic circuits.

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25

Logic Level 0

Represents low voltage output in logic circuits.

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