Ch. 1 - Understanding Psychopathology

Psychopathology

The study of mental illness or disorders.

4Ds of Maladaptive Behavior

Dysfunction, Distress, Deviance, Dangerousness are key indicators of maladaptive or abnormal behavior.

Dysfunction

A behavior that gets in the way of daily life.

Distress

Behavior that causes pain to oneself or others.

Deviance

Behavior that is atypical or culturally unexpected.

Dangerousness

Behavior that is harmful to oneself or others.

Biological Theories of Psychopathology

Suggest that mental illness arises from breakdown of systems in the body.

Supernatural Theories of Psychopathology

Propose that mental illness is caused by divine intervention, curses, demonic possession, or personal sin.

Psychological Theories of Psychopathology

Argue that mental illness results from trauma or chronic stress.

Normal Behavior

Thoughts and feelings typical for social context, not distressing or interfering with life.

Abnormal Behavior

Behavior that is highly unusual, significantly distressing, and interferes with social or occupational functioning.

Mental Health Stigma

Negative attitudes, beliefs, and stereotypes towards individuals with mental health issues.

Public Stigma

Discrimination and devaluation of individuals due to mental health issues.

Systemic Stigma

Reduced access to care and resources due to policies and public stigma.

Self-Stigma

Internalization of negative stereotypes affecting self-esteem and self-efficacy.

Cultural Relativism

The view that behaviors can only be considered abnormal within their own cultural norms.